A Project Report On

Modeling And Analysis Of Inrush Current In Different Conditions

Submitted By
Bibek Ranjan Dutta Roll no-08176016007 Koushik Karmakar Roll no-08176016001 Subhojit Dawn Roll no-08176016021

Sudip Kumar Samanta Roll no-08176016003

Introduction
When a power transformer is energized there is an important transient inrush of current that is necessary in order to establish the magnetic field of the transformer. Some power transformers exhibit peak current demand up to six or thirty times the nominal value. Such high values of current in power devices like transformer is known as INRUSH CURRENT. The transient magnetizing inrush current in a transformer is produced by saturation in the transformer core. This current, which is characterized as being almost entirely unidirectional, rises abruptly to its maximum value in the first half-cycle after the transformer being energized and, thenceforth, decays until the normal steady-state magnetizing conditions in the transformer are reached.

Inrush

Effects Of Inrush
This inrush currents involves a large and long lasting dc component, which is rich in harmonics, assumes large peak values at the beginning about 6 to 30 times of the rated value. This condition causes unbalance of current loop of differential relay that will occur with mal-trip. In order to prevent false tripping due to an inrush current, identification of short circuit current and inrush current should be made and a comparative study should be done to understand the effects of different parameters on this inrush current.

Parameters That Affect Inrush

The magnitude and duration of the inrush current depend basically on: Circuit breaker switching Source Voltage The value and sign of the residual flux linkage in the transformer core The saturation characteristic of the transformer core The total impedance of the circuit through which the inrush current flows Active & reactive power demand of the system Distance between the bus of the substation and the power transformer

Our work
Case1: Varying source voltage (breaker time and load fixed) Case2: Varying load (source voltage and breaker time fixed) Case3: Varying breaker time [initially open](source voltage and load fixed)

Simulation Model

Transformer Parameter

Voltage = 500e3/sqrt(3)*sqrt(2)

Voltage= 300e3/sqrt(3)*sqrt(2)

Voltage=100e3/sqrt(3)*sqrt(2)

Active power P (W)=36.7e6; Capacitive reactive power Qc (negative var)= 62.7e6

Active power P (W)=16.7e6; Capacitive reactive power Qc (negative var)= 182.7e6

Active power P (W)=116.7e6; Capacitive reactive power Qc (negative var)= 562.7e6

Switching times (s)= [ 1/50 ]

Switching times (s)= [ 10/50 ]

Switching times (s)= [ 20/50 ]

Conclusion
The amplitudes of the inrush currents, calculated with the simulation model, clearly indicate that for the considered 3cases, in all of them the inrush current contained a large and long lasting dc component, which is rich in harmonics and especially 2nd order harmonic was more dominant. However, one aspect of this analysis which has been largely ignored in the relevant context is the effect of the inrush current may cause on potential transformers already in operation , and vice versa. Also some techniques for reduction of transformer inrush current should be developed in future work.

Thank You