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HUNGER

FOOD SECURITY & IN INDIA & M.P.


Dr.R.S.Tiwari
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"For now I ask no more than the justice of eating."


Pablo Neruda, Chilean Poet, Noble Prize Winner

Hunger remains the No.1 cause of death in the world. Aids, Cancer etc. follow. 42% of worlds under-nourished children live in India. -Global Hunger Index,2010 Over 200 million Indians will sleep hungry tonight. Over 7000 Indians die of hunger every day.
Sources :
-UN World Food Programme -UN World Health Organization: Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, 2006 -UN Food and Agriculture Organization: SOFI 2006 Report -National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (India) -National Family Health Survey 2005 06 (NFHS-3) (India) -Centre for Environment and Food Security (India)

Alarming situation

Every second child in the country being malnourished, every third adult having a low Body Mass Index , almost seven out ten women are anemic and every sixth person suffers from hunger.

India has the largest food schemes in the World.


Entitlement Feeding Programmes
ICDS (All Children under six, Pregnant and lactating mother) MDMS (All Primary School children)

Food Subsidy Programme

Targeted Public Distribution System (35 kgs/ maonth of subsidised food grains Annapurna (10 kgs of free food grain for destitute poor) Antyodaya Anna Yojana

Employment Programmes

National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (100 days of employment at minimum wages)

Social Safety Net Programmes

National Old Age Pension Scheme (Monthly pension to BPL) National Family Benefit Scheme (Compensation in case of death of bread winner to BPL families)

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana Rajiv Gandhi Drinking Water Mission

Are we really food short?


INDIAN AGRI-BUSINESS:FACTS AND FIGURES

2nd largest arable land(184 million hectares) in the world.

Largest irrigated land(55 million hectares) in the world.


2nd Largest producer of : Wheat(15% of global production) Pulses(21% of global production) Milk(90 million tones). Largest producer and exporter of spices. 2nd largest producer of rice(22% of global rice production) and the largest producer of worlds best BASMATI RICE.

source: FICCI, Ministry of Agriculture 7

So why are we food insecure??


MAPLECROFT : Food Security Risk Index India 25/148 China 107/148
GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX: a world wide survey carried out by International Food Policy Research Institute (USA) India 67/84 Pakistan 52/84 China- 19/84

During 2006-2010 Food 1.42 CAGR Population.- 1.66% CAGR Oilseeds at 1.14% pulses, dipping 0.23 %.

Underweight children in India is among the highest in the world,HUNGAMA Report too. 53.1% 93.7% anemic 27 crs. Daily hungry 50 cr. of India's women, children and men are undernourished, subsisting on 260 Calories per day, when the minimum dietary energy requirement is for 1770 and the global average, 2240

A survey of 16 distts.in 7 states by UNDP reveals

District -wise food adequacy as per UNDP

Chronic energy deficiency 7anaemia among women

Land & productivity India -159 million hectares (mha), , the largest after the United States' (167 mha ) . But while 48.5 per cent of India's land is cultivable, in the U.S. it is only 18.2 per cent, in China, 16.13 % Brazil, 7.82 %

yield of paddy India - 3303 kg per hectare China's 6422 kg, Brazil's 3826 world average of 4233 kg . India's wheat yields are better, being 2704 kg, the US's 2705 kg world's 2829 kg.

Hunger across the states.

Indias Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2008 score is 23.7, which gives it a rank of 66th out of 88 countries. This score indicates continued poor performance at reducing hunger in India.

Hunger Index over the years


Rank Country 1990 1996 2001 2011

67 37
48

India Pakistan Banglad esh

30.4 25.7
38.1

22.9 22
36.3

24.1 21.9
27.6

23.7 20.7
24.5

Obviously we were better off in 1996

Punjab is ranked 34th when compared to the GHI 2008 worldwide country ranking, while Madhya Pradesh is ranked 82nd. In this state more people suffer from hunger than in Ethiopia or Sudan. 60 percent of the children are undernourished.

Hunger index states 2008

More than 1.5 lakh billionaire in India. & growing. 1 time of food in Bombay 6000/Credit - & waiver of loans a farce. Making them to suicide. (NSSO), 48.6 per cent of the farm households surveyed were indebted; of these 61 per cent had operational holdings below one hectare. Of the total outstanding debt, 41.6 per cent was taken for purposes other than farm related activities,

Jhopadi katarai shabnam ko taras jati hai, Jo ghata aati hai, wo mahlon pe baras jati hai.

As per data of NSSO report of 59th round

average debt of M.P. farmer was of Rs. 14218. The number of families under debt has been as high as 32,11,000. Of this 23% had 2-4 hectare land only. Those having land over 4 hectare had average debt of Rs. 23456

Food

Security

Agriculture growth & nutrition

Utilisation.

GDP per capita M.P. (2004-05)prices

year 2006-07 2007-08 2008-9 2009-10

M.P. 17073 17572 18540 19736

Ntl.Avg. 28083 30354 31801 33731

Diff India

from

-10996 -12782 -13261 -13995

2010-11

22382

35993

- 13611

M.P. share of Agril.in GDP & labour.in Agril.

Yr, 60-61 70-71 80-81 90-91 2000-01 2009-10

Share in GDP 57.9 55.9 43.6 38.2 25.8 22.47

% of lab. Force Agril. 79.3 79.4 76.2 75.3 72.9 72.0 ()

HDI in M.P. No change


. 1999-2000 2007-08

1 1 20 19 21 14

1 2 20 21 23 17

2011-12 . . 2012-13 1012-13 %


(-) 10 (-)0.75 (-) 33.6 20.6 33.58 6.7

43.6
17.25 (-) 4.6 (-)8.33 19.3

(-) 22.4
26.8 11.83 (-) 20.24 26.8 4.6 14.98 3.98 4.26

Historical population of India Census


Year 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Popu. (cr) 36.11 43.92 54.82 68.33 84.64 102.87 121.01 % change .. 21.6 24.8 24.7 23.9 21.5 17.6

Growth

Population
From 2001 to 2011 India added 181

million people to its population, an addition just lower than the entire population of Brazil. India should overtake China as the worlds largest country by about 2020-25

Business outlook ?

2010

2020

Population Ch.
Despite average annual GDP growth of 5.8 percent over the

past two decades (10.4 percent in 2010) over three quarters of Indias population lives on less than 2 dollars income per day

What is Food security


when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (FAO World Food Summit, 1996

Source: IAASTD GLOBAL REPORT, 2009

Sustainable food security


The three dimensions of this problem need concurrent attention:

Availability of food
Access to food Absorption of food in the body

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Production Storage Distribution


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Production
Current Status : Self sufficient.

Disturbance in the equilibrium : Natural calamities, fiscal emergencies.


Suggestions: 1. Reach of modernization to the real farmers in form of seeds, fertilizers & irrigational facilities.

2. Irrigatiohn.
3. More land under the cultivable area.
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Procurement
MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE Applicable on 25 crops, visible only for 2. Benchmark for other varieties(which might be of inferior quality) of the same crop.

GOVERNMENT CREATED HOARDING


Excessive subsequent stocking.

Scarcity in the open market.


Parliament-clearance issues.
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Minimum support price for essential commodities

Crops Wheat Rice Maize Arhar Moong Urad Soyabean Sugarcane

Fiscal year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year 2006 2010 2011 650 570 540 1400 1520 1520 900 79.50 1100 950 840 2300 2760 2520 1350 129.84 1260 1000-1030 880 3000 3170 2900 1400 139.12
Source: Ministry of Agriculture 78

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Storage
oLagging storage capacity.

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Cold chain logistics

Indias cold storage capacity short by 10 million tones. 30% of the fruits and vegetables gets wasted annually(40 million tones amounting to US$13 billion)
-)

India expenditure on logistics activities-equivalent to 13% of the GDP(higher than the developed nations)
Key reasonshigher level of inefficiencies in the system lower average trucking speeds higher turnaround times at ports cost of administrative delays

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Governments mammoth task: Food Security Bill


Difference between speech and action of the government. Tussle between the NAC and the PMO. NAC recommendations seldom accepted without any improvement.

It is the fate of most advisory committees that the government accepts whatever advice suits its purposes and ignores the rest. - Jean Dreze, National Advisory Council

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Some Suggested solutions ?


MSP should be made last resort for the farmer. The government should endure just subsidies to the farmers in the form of seeds, fertilizers, irrigation.

Procurement schemes should be widened to other crops and areas.


Procurement schemes should be closed ended. Government should enable farmers to sell directly on the electronic spot exchanges.?
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Distribution
Inefficient existing methods of identifying and thus, targeting the needy. Leakages, corruption. Insufficient awareness and information. Facts and figures o 58% of the distributed food-grains does not reach the beneficiaries. oAccording to a survey,65.9 million people were BPL in the year 2009 and the BPL Cards issued crossed the 100 million mark.
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A presentation by C.Maheshwar, Fleet Management Training Institute, Mumbai


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A not so perfect public distribution system


oMisuse of the schemes by non-needy. oLoopholes in the existing system. oNeed a better targeting mechanism. Identification of poor Keeping the criteria simple and easy to implement. motorized vehicle, landline with a bill, electricity connection with a bill, a job in an organized sector, a registered piece of land, etc. are NOT BPL. Social audits for the remaining families through community councils. Inspiration from other states where PDS has been successfully experimented with many additional features.

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Achieving food security requires joint efforts . It has to do with people, entrepreneurial skills,
governance, commitment, equity, ethical issues.

Lets be a part of the solution

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o Production is more or less doing

good;.
oThe procurement policies, storage facilities and the distribution mechanism need revamping.

oIndividual initiatives vital in this fight against food insecurity.


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Critique of bill on feed security NFSB


tabled in the Lok Sabha on 22 December 2011
Presently perhaps dumped.? Inadequate nutritionally & Limited Vague -

Coverage Supply

objections

1. Availability of food-no mention. 2. No Mention of Nutrition 3. Targeted, not Universal. (46%R & 28% U) 4. Ineffective grievance redressal. 5. Highly Centralised, No role for PRIs

Future
Agril still on Monsoon.
Poor GR. Budget 12-13 no provision Population still high Poverty increasing Policies favouring corporate sector. Luxurious use of food. Wastage.

Inefficiency.

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