Anthropology

Click to edit Master subtitle style Nagina Dangaura

Bidya Kharel Gopal Niraula Suman Karki Jeevan Singh Pawan Kazi Thapa
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Introduction
Anthropology is the study of human

in all

places and at all times

Academic study of humanity If human are involved, we study it

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Derivation of Name
Anthroposfrom the Greek for man

--We extend this today to mean all of humanity

-ology(logos) the study of Aristotle used the word anthropology

at first
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Concept
It deals with all that is characteristic

of the human experience, from physiology and the evolutionary origin to the social and cultural organisation of human societies as well as individual and collective forms of human experience
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History of Anthropology
Evolved due to the other disciplines like social

and cultural sciences, archeology, sociology, history and so on.. German University Professors.

Term coined in 16th century in Germany by Anthropology, institutionally was the study of

human beings typically people living in European Colonies

Related

researches were carried out by Herodotus in 500 BC, Aristotle in 400 BC, 8/19/12 Strabo in 100 BC and even Roman Philosopher

Contd
Often claimed by historians of anthropology

that Anthropology was originated during , and due to, the period in the history known as Renaissance. Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza are the early fathers of Anthropology

German philosopher Immanuel Kant, and the

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Scopes of Anthropology
Anthropol ogy

Physical Anthropo logy Hum Human Biome an Paleonto try Gene logy 8/19/12 tics Ethnol ogy Anthro p ometry

Cultural Anthropo logy Prehist oric Soci al

In brief
Human Genetics- studies the human genesis of

man

Human Paleontology- studies the world human

skeletons
Biometry- studies the statistical analysis of

biological studies growth, death

such

as

diseases,

birth,

Ethnology- studies human races along with their

characteristics and behavior respect to their traits

Anthropometry- Classifies human races with 8/19/12 Prehistoric Anthropology- study of ancient time

Modes of production in history

Primitive mode of production Asiatic mode of production Antique mode of production Feudalism Capitalism Early Capitalism Late Capitalism Socialism
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Primitive mode of production

There is also no possibility of aruling

classcoming into existence.

As

this mode of production lacks differentiation into classes, it is said to be classless. early-agricultural production, and rigorous ritualized social control have often been said to be the typifying productive forces of this 8/19/12

Paleolithic and Neolithic tools, pre- and

Asiatic mode of production

Society

generally divided into ruling class and working class and pre-feudal large earthwork constructions in China, India, the Euphrates and Nile river valleys

Initially used to explain pre-slave

It is said to be the initial form of

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Antique mode of production

The forces of production associated with this mode

include advanced (two field) agriculture, the extensive use of animals in agriculture, and advanced trade networks. typical examples of this mode.

Ancient Greek and Roman societies are the most In this form of production property is the direct

possession ofindividualhuman beings.

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Feudalism
The possession of human beings as

peasants or serfs is dependent upon their being entailed upon the land. aristocracy.

The ruling class is usually anobility or The primary forces of production include

highly complex agriculture (two, three field, Lucerne fallowing and manuring) with the addition of non-human and non-animal power devices (clockwork, wind-mills) and the 8/19/12 intensification of specialization in the

Capitalism
An economic system in which the means

of production are owned mostly privately.

Latin, caput, head Allows individual freedom, democracy,

social mobility, etc.

Early capitalism
Wage labourers were exploited by the

ruling 8/19/12

class

Socialism
government should own and control the

main industries
Everyone has an equal right to a share of a

countrys wealth
Post-capitalist economic system Principle of distribution according to deeds Necessary transition stage from capitalism

to communism

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Communism
An ideology that seeks to establish a future

classless, stateless social organisation,

Based upon common ownership of the

means of production and absence of private property

Human working freely and creatively Principle of distribution according to needs
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At last
Marx believed that the basis of social order

in every society in the mode of production of material goods.

Mode of production is base of civilization

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