Video Transport Over Ad Hoc Network

VIDEO TRANSPORT OVER AD HOC NETWORKS USING MULTIPLE PATHS
AMEENA MARSHNIL.N MTECH,CE ROLL NO:2
Abstract
Video transmission over Ad hoc network is more challenging. Reasons. Video encoding and transport control techniques.
Ad Hoc Network
Multi hop wireless networks without a preinstalled infrastructure. Deployed instantly in situations where infrastructure is unavailable or difficult to install.
Difference between Ad hoc networks & Wireless networks

No fixed infrastructure Topology is frequently changing due to node mobility Links are continuously established & broken Availability & quality of a link fluctuates due to channel fading & interference from other transmitting users
Difference between Ad hoc networks & Wireless networks

End to end path consists of a number of wireless links Transmission loss is more frequent
Video Transmission
Video transport requires strict bandwidth & delay guarantees It is very hard to maintain an end to end route Compressed video is susceptible to transmission errors
Motion Compensated Prediction(MCP) Technique

Widely used in video coding standards In MCP , a frame is first predicted from a previous coded frame. Prediction error is encoded & transmitted Achieves high coding efficiency Makes the reconstruction of a frame depend on the successful reconstruction of its reference picture Lost packet in a frame cause errors within this frame & also in many following frames. Effective error control is needed
VIDEO TRANSPORT OVER AD HOC NETWORKS USING MULTIPLE PATHS 7
Multiple Paths
Mesh topology of Ad hoc network implies the existence of multiple routes between two nodes Video stream divided into multiple substreams Each substream is sent on one of the paths If the paths are disjoint, losses are independent Better error resilience
Motion Compensated Prediction (MCP) based video transport techniques

Feedback based Reference Picture Selection scheme (RPS). Layered Coding with Selective Automatic Repeat Request scheme (LC with ARQ). Multiple Description Motion Compensation coding scheme (MDMC)
Feedback based Reference Picture Selection(RPS)

Sent the coded frames on separate path. Mapping of frames to paths depends on the available bandwidth on each path. Feedback message is sent for each frame by the decoder. Feedback information for a frame is sent on same path or on a different path. In the encoder, if an acknowledgement (ACK) is received for frame n, the path on which frame n was transmitted is marked as a good path, otherwise the path is marked as a bad path.
Feedback based Reference Picture Selection (RPS)

The encoder always select the nearest correct decoded frame as the reference picture which is either a frame sent on a good path which has not been acknowledged yet or a frame with a positive acknowledgement. When both paths are good it uses the immediate neighbouring frame as the reference, there by achieving the highest coding efficiency. When one path is bad, the encoder avoids using any frames that are affected by path errors.
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RPS scheme offers a good trade off between coding efficiency and error resilience. Efficiency depends on delay. RPS technique does not introduce any decoding delay.
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Layered Coding with Selective Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ)

If some delay is allowed, a layered video coding along with selective ARQ can be used. Scheme using layered video coding. Video stream is coded into two layers Base Layer (BL) Enhancement Layer (EL) Packets of BL and EL are transmitted separately on two disjoint paths.

Receiver will send ARQ requests to the sender if a BL packet is lost. BL packet is retransmitted on the path of EL.
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Multiple Description Motion Compensation(MDMC)

Coding scheme which does not depend on the availability of feedback channel. Uses linear superposition of two predictions from two previously coded frames. In the MDMC encoder the central prediction is obtained by
, motion compensated predicted signals constructed from two previously encoded frames
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Central prediction error Quantized to Quantized prediction error and motion vectors for even frames are sent on one path and those for odd frames are sent on the other path. In the decoder, if frame n-1 is received, frame n is reconstructed using motion compensated prediction from decoded frame n .
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If frame n-1 is damaged but frame n-2 is received, the decoder use only the reconstructed frame n-2 for prediction. The lost frame is estimated using Efficiency depends on error characteristics.
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COMPARISON
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Feedback Based Reference Picture Selection (RPS)

Applicable when feedback channels are available. Redundancy depend on the distance between a current frame and its reference frame which in turn depends on the packet loss rate. When paths are error free, RPS has the highest coding efficiency. There is no decoding delay
Layered Coding With Selective Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)

Suitable when feedback channels are available. Latency caused by retransmission is tolerable. Redundancy comes from retransmission. Difficult to control the amount of redundancy introduced. Lowest quality when packet loss rate is low. Better video quality when packet loss rate is high.
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Multiple Description Motion Compensation (MDMC)

Does not need feedback. No decoding delay. Easier to control the redundancy.
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CONCLUSION
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References
Y. Wang, S. Wenger, J. Wen, and A. K. Katsaggelos, Error resilient video coding techniques, IEEE Signal Processing Mag., vol. 17, pp. 6182, July 2000. Y. Wang and Q.-F. Zhu, Error control and concealment for video com-munication: A review, Proc. IEEE, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 974997, May 1998. N. Gogate , D. Chung, S. S. Panwar, and Y. Wang, Supporting image/video applications in a multihop radio environment using route diversity and multiple description coding, IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst.Video Technol., vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 777792, Sept. 2002. S. Lin, S. Mao, Y. Wang, and S. S. Panwar, A reference picture selection scheme for video transmission over ad hoc networks using multiple paths, in Proc. IEEE ICME, Tokyo, Japan, Aug. 2001, pp. 9699.
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THANK YOU
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Video Transport Over Ad Hoc Network

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VIDEO TRANSPORT OVER AD HOC NETWORKS USING MULTIPLE PATHS

AMEENA MARSHNIL.N MTECH,CE ROLL NO:2