Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities

6.7 Mass Calculations for Reactions

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Guide to Calculating the Masses of Reactants and Products

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

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Example of Converting Moles to Grams

Suppose we want to determine the mass (g) of NH3 that can form from 2.50 moles of N2. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) STEP 1 Given: 2.50 moles of N2 Need: mass (g) of NH3 STEP 2 Plan: moles of N2

moles of NH3

grams of NH3

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Moles to Grams
STEP 3 Write conversions factors: 1 mole of N2 = 2 moles of NH3 1 mole N2 and 2 moles NH3 2 moles NH3 1 mole N2 1 mole of NH3 = 17.0 g of NH3 1 mole of NH3 and 17.0 g of NH3 17.0 g of NH3 1 mole of NH3 STEP 4 Setup to calculate g of NH3: 2.50 moles N2 x 2 moles NH3 x 17.0 g NH3 1 mole N2 1 mole NH3 = 85.0 g of NH3
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Learning Check
How many grams of O2 are needed to produce 0.400 mole of Fe2O3 in the following reaction? 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 1) 38.4 g of O2 2) 19.2 g of O2 3) 1.90 g of O2 2Fe2O3(s)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

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Solution
2) 19.2 g of O2

STEP 1 Given: 0.400 moles of Fe2O3 Need: mass (g) of O2 STEP 2 Write a plan to calculate grams of O2: moles of Fe2O3 moles of O2 grams of O2
STEP 3 Write conversion factors: 3 moles of O2 = 2 moles of Fe2O3 3 moles O2 and 2 moles Fe2O3 2 moles Fe2O3 3 moles O2
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Solution (continued)
STEP 3 (continued)

1 mole of O2 = 32.0 g of O2 1 mole O2 and 32.0 g O2 32.0 g O2 1 mole O2

STEP 4 The setup to calculate g of O2 is 0.400 mole Fe2O3 x 3 moles O2 x 32.0 g O2 = 19.2 g of O2 2 moles Fe2O3 1 mole O2
mole-mole factor molar mass

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Learning Check
Acetylene gas, C2H2, burns in the oxyacetylene torch for welding. How many grams of C2H2 are burned if the reaction produces 75.0 g of CO2? 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) 1) 88.6 g of C2H2 2) 44.3 g of C2H2 3) 22.2 g of C2H2 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

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Solution
3) 22.2 g of C2H2 STEP 1 Given: 75.0 g of CO2 Need: mass (g) of C2H2 STEP 2 Write a plan to calculate grams of C2H2: g of CO2 moles of moles of g of C2H2
CO2 C 2H 2

STEP 3 Write conversion factors: 1 mole of CO2 = 44.0 g of CO2 1 mole CO2 and 44.0 g CO2 44.0 g CO2 1 mole CO2
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Solution (continued)
STEP 3 Write conversion factors (continued): 4 moles of CO2 = 2 moles of C2H2 4 moles CO2 and 2 moles C2H2 2 moles C2H2 4 moles CO2 1 mole of C2H2 = 26.0 g of C2H2 1 mole C2H2 and 26.0 g C2H2 26.0 g CO2 1 mole C2H2 STEP 4 Setup to calculate g of O2: 75.0 g CO2 x 1 mole CO2 x 2 moles C2H2 x 26.0 g C2H2 44.0 g CO2 4 moles CO2 1 mole C2H2 = 22.2 g C2H2 (3)
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Learning Check
How many grams H2O are produced when 35.8 g of C3H8 react by the following equation?

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)
1. 14.6 g of H2O 2. 58.4 g of H2O 3. 117 g of H2O

3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

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Solution
2) 58.4 g H2O STEP 1 Given: 38.5 g of C3H8 Need: mass (g) of H2O STEP 2 Write a plan to calculate grams of H2 O: g of C3H8 moles of moles of g of H2O C3H8 H2O STEP 3 Write conversion factors: 1 mole of C3H8 = 4 moles of H2O 4 moles H2O and 1 mole C3H8 1 mole C3H8 4 moles H2O
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Solution (continued)
STEP 3 Write conversion factors (continued): 1 mole of C3H8 = 44.1 g of C3H8 1 mole C3H8 and 44.1 g C3H8 44.1 g C3H8 1 mole C3H8 1 mole of C2H2 = 26.0 g of C2H2 1 mole H2O and 18.0 g H2O 18.0 g H2O 1 mole H2O STEP 4 Setup to calculate g of H2O: 35.8 g C3H8 x 1 mole C3H8 x 4 moles H2O x 18.0 g H2O 44.1 g C3H8 1 mole C3H8 1 mole H2O = 58.4 g of H2O (2)
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