Contents

1. What is dengue fever 2. Symptoms of dengue fever 3. Characteristics of the Aedes mosquito 4. Life cycle of the Aedes mosquito 5. How the Aedes mosquito transmit diseases 6. How to prevent the spread of dengue fever 7. The 05-Mininute Mosquito Wipe-out Exercise 8. Quiz

What is Dengue Fever?

Dengue Fever is an illness caused by infection with a virus transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Example of a skin rash due to dengue fever

Do you know
Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in the world.

It can be fatal.

One

distinct physical feature black and white stripes on its body and legs.
Bites Lays

during the day.

Close-up of an Aedes mosquito

its eggs in clean, stagnant water.

Do you know
Only the female Aedes mosquito feeds on blood. This is because they need the protein found in blood to produce eggs. Male mosquitoes feed only on plant nectar.

On average, a female Aedes mosquito can lay about 300 eggs during her life span of 14 to 21 days.

Life cycle of the Aedes Mosquito

1-2 days

Pupae

Larvae

Eggs

4-5 days

2-3 days

Stagnant water

How Do Aedes Mosquitoes Transmit Diseases...

Mosquito bites and sucks blood containing the virus from an infected person. And passes the virus to healthy people when it bites them.

Virus is carried in its body.

This is what you can do to help

Prevent Aedes from Breeding!

Remove ALL sources of stagnant water. Deny the Aedes mosquito of any chance to breed.

05-Minute Mosquito Wipe-Out Exercise

Do the 05-Minute Mosquito Wipe-out everyday.

Change water in vases on alternate days.

Do the 05-Minute Mosquito Wipe-out everyday.

Remove water from flowerpot plates on alternate days. Turn over all bucket and water storage containers. Empty Room Cooler when not in use.

Unwanted items

Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups and bottles can collect rain water and breed mosquitoes.

Spread the dengue prevention message to others

Let your family, friends and neighbours know about the dangers of breeding Mosquito

Dengue is an arthropod-borne disease caused by any

one of four closely related viruses, (Arbovirus).

Characterized by fever, severe headache, backache joint pains nausea and vomiting, eye pain and rash

Occasionally produces shock and hemorrhage, leading to death.

Also called breakbone fever, dandy fever or dengue fever.

 Globally, there are an estimated 50 to 100 million cases of Dengue Fever (DF) and several

hundred thousand cases of Dengue

Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) per year.

2.5 billion people are at risk world-wide In last 20 years, dengue transmission and the frequency of dengue epidemics has increased greatly in most of tropical countries

Reemergence since 1994

25000 cases in Pakistan in 2011 22000 in Punjab, mostly in Lahore in

Over Over

2011 More than 400 deaths in 2011

Major global demographic changes

(urbanization and population growth)

These demographic changes have resulted in sub-standard environmental sanitation that facilitates transmission of Ae. aegypti-borne disease; (Overcrowding in cities with poor sanitation)

Increased travel by airplane resulting in a frequent

exchange of dengue viruses and other pathogens.

Inadequate mosquito control services; the use of

insecticide space sprays for adult mosquito proved ineffective approach for controlling Ae. Aegypti. (Domestic habitat)

The emergence of resistance to insecticides linked to

their increased misuse.

Four closely related single-stranded RNA Dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4)

Each serotype provides specific lifetime immunity, and short-term cross-immunity (A person can be infected as many as four times, once with each serotype)

All serotypes can cause severe and fatal disease

1. Virus transmitted

1
2 4 3

to human in mosquito
saliva 2. Virus replicates in target organs 3. Virus infects white blood cells and lymphatic tissues 4. Virus released and circulates in blood

5. Second mosquito

ingests virus with blood

6. Virus replicates

in mosquito midgut
and other organs, infects salivary

glands

7. Virus replicates in salivary glands

Incubation period 3-14 days (commonly 4-7 days) Fever Headache Muscle and joint pain Nausea/vomiting Rash Hemorrhagic manifestations

4 Necessary Criteria:
1. 2. 3. 4.

Fever, or recent history of acute fever Hemorrhagic manifestations Low platelet count (100,000/mm3 or less) Objective evidence of leaky capillaries:
elevated haematocrit (20% or more over

baseline) low albumin pleural or other effusions

criteria for DHF of circulatory failure.

Evidence

 DHF kills only by hemorrhage

dies as a result of shock Poor management turns dengue into DHF managed dengue can be more severe, but DHF is a distinct condition, which even welltreated patients may develop DHF is a pediatric disease age groups are involved DHF is a problem of low income families
All All Poorly

Patient

socioeconomic groups are affected

Antipyretics (Paracetamol) preparations to manage the pain and fever. Avoid Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Rest and drink plenty of fluids Monitor blood pressure, haematocrit, platelet count,... Keep patient in screened sickroom or under a mosquito net Mosquito barriers are only needed until fever subsides, to prevent Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes from biting patients and acquiring virus.

Dramatic clinical response to aggressive fluids and electrolytes. Convalescence may be prolonged, with weakness and mental depression Survival is related directly to early hospitalization and aggressive supportive care Treated DHF is associated with a 3% mortality rate Un-treated DHF is associated with a 50% mortality rate.

Personal protection against mosquito biting by:

Screening doors and windows Protective clothing Application of mosquito repellents on exposed

skin

However, the best preventive measure is vector control.

 Biological

control

Largely experimental Option: place fish in containers to eat larvae

Environmental

control

Elimination of larval habitats; Cover water

holding containers, Discard artificial containers,

It is the most likely method to be effective in

the long term.

 Chemical Control

Larvicides may be used to kill immature aquatic

stages Ultra-low volume fumigation is ineffective against

adult mosquitoes as Aedes Aegypti is fully

domesticated

Mosquitoes may have resistance to commercial

aerosol sprays.

 No

licensed vaccine at present

Effective
Field

vaccine must be tetravalent

testing of an attenuated tetravalent safe and affordable vaccine will

vaccine currently underway

Effective,

not be available in the immediate future.

Active community involvement and participation to reduce larval breeding sources is the key for

prevention and control.

Educate the public in the basics of dengue, such as:

Where the mosquito lays her eggs
The link between larvae and adult

mosquitoes
General information about dengue

transmission, symptoms and treatment

 Dengue

fever is NOT contagious through personto-person contact Early hospitalization is important. Reduce Aedes Aegypti vector populations Reduce exposure to Aedes Aegypti.
Use insect repellent. Sleep under a mosquito net in affected areas.

Wear protective clothing.

Vaccine

is NOT available.

Travelers may acquire dengue fever during visits to tropical and subtropical countries.
This disease occurs in most of tropical Asia, the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean Islands, Central and South America, and Africa. There is generally greater risk in urban areas and less risk of dengue in rural areas and at altitudes above 1500 meters (4500 feet).

Apply insect repellent sparingly to exposed skin. Use aerosols in an open space to avoid inhalation. Avoid applying repellent to the hands of children. Wear long-sleeved clothing and long pants if you are outdoors during the day and evening. Spray repellents on clothing, as mosquitoes may bite through thin clothing. Use mosquito netting over the bed if your bedroom is not air conditioned or screened. For additional protection, treat the mosquito netting with the insecticide permethrin. Spray permethrin or a similar insecticide in your bedroom before going to bed.

Your risk for becoming infected with dengue is lower if you:

Spend

most of your time in air conditioned buildings, hotels, or other closed circulation environments; Avoid highly populated residential areas; Spend time on beaches or in forested areas.

Quiz

Why is the Aedes mosquito dangerous to us?

ANSWER:
It can carry the dengue virus and infect a healthy person with dengue fever.

Name the 3 steps in the 05-Minute Mosquito Wipe-out Exercise

ANSWER:
1. Change water in vases on alternate days.

2. Remove water from flowerpot plates on alternate days.

3. Turn over all buckets and water storage containers.