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BBS AWARENESS TRAINING

WHERE THE ORGANIZATION WANTS TO BE..?

Safety Culture Development

REACTIVE Safety is natural instinct

DEPENDENT Supervision is required

INDEPENDENT Care for self and personal value

INTERDEPENDENT Care peers safety

BBS AWARNESS TRAINING


SECTION-1: WHAT IS A BBS ? 1). Is a process for identifying, measuring and changing the behavior. 2). Applies the principles of the : A B C Behavior Models to change any behavior, not just safety. Antecedent (A) Behavior (B) Consequences (C) 3). Assumes that all behavior have one or more antecedents or activators which initiate the behavior and one or more consequences than either encourage or discourage repetition of the behavior.

The ABC model


Explain why we do what we do

Activators
Trigger

SERVE AS

Behaviour
RESULT IN

B = f (c)
Motivate

Consequences

however Attitudes can be changed by changing behaviors

Activators : A person, place, thing or event that


happens before a behavior takes place that encourages you to perform that behavior.

Some examples of activators

Behavior: Any directly measurable thing that a person does, including speaking, acting, and performing physical functions.

Consequences: Events that follow behaviors. Consequences increase or decrease the probability that the behaviors will occur again in the future.

The effect of consequences will be depend on :


TIMING: Soon or Later CONSISTENCY: Certain or Uncertain SIGNIFICANT: sizable or negligible

Only 4 Types of Consequences:


Positive Reinforcement (R+)
("Do this & you'll be rewarded")

Negative Reinforcement (R-)


("Do this or else you'll be penalized")

Behavior
Punishment (P)
("If you do this, you'll be penalized")

Extinction (E)
("Ignore it and it'll go away")

Both Positive (R+) & Negative (R-) Reinforcement can Increase Behavior
R+ : any consequence that follows a behavior and
increases the probability that the behavior will occur more often in the future - You get something you want

R- : a consequence that strengthens any behavior that


reduces or terminates the consequence - You escape or avoid something you dont want

R+

Good safety suggestion Joe! Keep bringing em up!

One more report like this and youre outa here!!

R-

Both Punishment & Extinction Decrease Behavior


Punishment : a procedure in which a punisher (consequence that decreases the frequency of the behavior it follows) is presented - You may get something you dont want E: withholding or non-delivery of positive reinforcement for previously reinforced behavior - You dont get what you want

You bonehead!! You can kiss that bonus for this year good-bye.... and take a few days off without pay!!!

Let him cry honey. If we get up every night when he cries hell never learn to go to sleep peacefully.

SECTION- 2: WHAT CAN BE THE IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTATING BBS ?

Injuries caused other conditions 4%

Unsafe Act Associated with : Personal Protective Equipment Position of People Reaction of People Tool or Equipment Procedure and Orderliness
Unsafe Act 96%

12% 30% 14% 28% 12% 96% 4%

Total Injuries caused by Unsafe Act Total Injuries with other causes

SECTION- 2: WHAT CAN BE THE IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTATING BBS ? CAP Y-2011 ACCIDENT RECORD BY ROOT CAUSE
Unsafe Condition 12%

Unsafe Act 88%

SECTION- 2: WHAT CAN BE THE IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTATING BBS ? Compare the chart below:
Imagine an incident could occur every time a worker performs an At-Risk behavior with 75% safe behavior level there is a 1 in 4 chance of an accidents.

SAFE
At-Risk

90% Save Behavior SAFE At-Risk

Even 90% safe behavior level, there is 1 in 10 chance of an accidents.

100% Save Behavior

We can not rely on chance or luck to avoid accidents. Only 100% safe behavior levels do we eliminate the chance of an accident.

Accident is define as any event ranging from near miss through to a fatality.

EXAMPLES....
N o
1

Date No.SR
SR-082010 12 Feb 2010

Description
Contractors employee finger injured caused by pinched panel door

Typ e
FA

Root of cause
Failure to wear PPE Lack of Awarness

Picture Recommendatio n Coaching & training


for safety awarness

SR-122010

13 April 2010

Employees finger injured caused by caught between motor and base plate

FA

Taking unsafe position/posture

Training safe work practice and review JSA

SR-192010

09 April 2010

Left cheek of apprentice employee have scratch injury

FA

Taking unsafe position & Unproper handling equipment

To Create JSA & Coaching to workers

SECTION-3: WHY USE BEHAVIOR BASE SAFETY ?


Accident is define as any event ranging from near miss through to a fatality. 90% of accident, have the behavior of the person involved as key contributing factors. 10% of accidents, have the behavior of the person, not directly involved but as contributing factor. Increasing number of safe behavior being performed is essential for accident eliminations. BBS is not a silver bullet, but it is the process that goes along with the other elements of accident reduction programs: Hazard Elimination Substitution Engineering Control Administrative Control PPE BBS as an additional to an already strong safety program not a replacement for it. BBS is to fix the behavior problem, not assign blame.

SECTION-4: BBS PROCESS MAP


1.0

BBS TRAINING
2.0 Assessment of the leadership, Organizational Operation (Base line). 3.0

Identify the behavior critical to obtaining required safety performance.


11 5.0 Observe the work force and record safe/at-risk behaviors. Intervene with workers to give positive reinforcement when safe behaviors are observed. Provide coaching/correction when at-risk behaviors are observed. 6.0 Collect and Record Observation Data 7.0 Summarize and Analyze Observation Data 8.0 Communicate Observation Data and Analysis Result to All Employees 9.0 Provide Recognition or Celebrate When Safe Behavior Improvement Occurs. 10 Change Behaviors to be Observed or Change Activate or change consequence as appropriate Communicate Any Changes to Work Force

SECTION-5: BBS PROCESS GUIDANCE


STEP-1 BBS TRAINING BBS Training required : BBS Basic Training Observation Training Basic statistic Training Leadership coaching Training Train the Trainer STEP-2 ASSESSMENT (BASELINE) To access the employee on level: Leadership (BOD SM) Organizational (SI) Operation (SV)

SECTION-5: BBS PROCESS GUIDANCE


STEP-3 IDENTIFY THE BEHAVIOR CRITICAL TO OBTAINING REQUIRED SAFETY PERFORMANCE

Observable actions of people Result of Behavior Identify behavior that the worker need to perform to achieve the desired safety performance. E.g. Zero injuries The source of possible required behavior Accident Reports (AIN) DCR Individual who actually perform works Representative of all segments of the workforce should be involve to get their buy-in to the process.

STEP 3

IDENTIFY BEHAVIOR

CONTINUE.......

Representative of all segments of the workforce should be involve to get their buy-in to the process. Experience worker Supervisor New Workers Managers etc Behavior should be described specifically as possible, and meet the following criteria. Measurable - can be measured Active - Something the worker has to do Reliable - Repeatable the same each time and at least two peoples should be able too see the behavior and measure it the same way Controllable - The action is the control of the worker performing it Observable - Seen happening Note: In BBS Workers includes all levels in an organization: Operator, Board/ Lead, Supervisor, Superintendent, Engineer, SM, DM, GM, Director. Everyone should expect to have behaviors defined for them that will help bring about injury elimination.

STEP 3

IDENTIFY BEHAVIOR

CONTINUE.......

Note: In BBS Workers includes all levels in an organization: Operator, Board/Lead, Supervisor, Superintendent, Engineer, SM, DM, GM, Director. Everyone should expect to have behaviors defined for them that will help bring about injury elimination. Some example of behaviors: 1). Wear hearing protection when required through posted signs. 2). Attach fall protection harness to a secure anchor point. 3). Wear a seat belt while driving a motor cycle. 4). Check hand tools for defect before use. Intervene with co-workers to provide coaching/correction when they perform an AtRisk behavior.

STEP-4 COMMUNICATE THE BEHAVIORS AND HOW TO PERFORM CORRECLY TO ALL WORKERS

STEP-5 OBSERVE THE WORKFORCE AND RECORD UNSAFE /SAFE BEHAVIOR AND INTERVENE WORKERS

Observer should recieved training from trainer who have good understanding of ABC Behavior model and the BBS process in how to : Perform observations Perform Intervention Go out into the workplace to observe the workers Observations should be planned when possible. They are variety of different factor s to be considered during perform observation. These are : Consider observing work high risk Avoid interfering with the work activities Do observation in min two person team Complete the BBS Observation Card

STEP to perform a complete observation interaction


Observe the worker for 30 60 seconds as you approach them, introduce your self and when doing this shoul not distract the worker at critical moment

Explain we you doing and that you will observe them for a bit longer and Observe them for some additional time

Stop worker and give feedback what you have observed in positive manner with awarness of the self esteem of the workers that have been observed a Provide positive reinforment for all those behavior that were performed in a safe mannernd

When at risk behavior are observed ask for the feed back from the workers to help understand why at risk behavior are being performed and ,Provide coaching/correction so that the required safe behavior is obtained thanks and encourage them to always work safely

To assist an observer to document or record the observation results properly , BBS observation Card have been available for observers. Observer should should be fill BBS Observation Card .

GENERAL STEP OBSERVATION IMPLEMENTATION

Preparation

STOP

Observe

Intervention

Record

EXAMPLE BEHAVIOR OBSERVATION CARD (BOC)

STEP-6 COLLECT AND RECORD OBSERVATION DATA The results of the observations are collected and recorded in a data collection/analysis system STEP-7 SUMMARIZE AND ANALYZE OBSERVATION DATA Observation data should be summarized into format that will be simple to interpret and enable extraction of behavior performance data. Important also to review the observation data for quality and consistency and other problem with either can lead to invalid data When the data is summarized, an analysis of behavior that are not being done at risk can be done. An ABC analysis technique can be used to do this. The analysis will typically result in suggestion

One of the function analysis is to perform measurement. Performance measurement parameter are : Total collected Observation card % Safe behavior calculation formula
Safe behavior x 100 % % safe observation formula = Safe behavior + At risk behavior

Accident frequency rate


Number of total reportable accident within period x 200.000 Acc Freq Rate = Total man hours over the same period

EXAMPLE 1: Total BBS observation


Nov 2011 4729 Dec 2011 7255 Jan 2012 6766 Feb 2012 7674 Mar 2012 7891 Apr 2012 7229 May 2012 6961 Jun 2012 7101 Jul 2012 7254 Aug 2012 7312 Sep 2012 7197 Oct 2012 7292 Nov 2012 7150 Dec 2012 7232

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

Total Observation

Month

Example 2: % Safe Behavior Index


Nov 2011 Dec 2011 Jan 2012 Feb 2012 Mar 2012 Apr 2012 May 2012 Jun 2012 Jul 2012 Aug 2012 Sep 2012 Oct 2012 Nov 2012 Dec 2012

34%

38%

48%

51%

55%

57%

59%

61%

62%

64%

64%

65%

67%

070%

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Safe Observ Index

48
34 38

51

57

59

61

62

64

64

65

67 70

Month

STEP-8 COMMUNICATE OBSERVATION DATA AND ANLYSIS RESULTS TO ALL WORKERS The results of the summarized and analyzed observation data and any changes to ABC shall be inform and communicated to all workers to encourage their continued participation Communication the resul to the workers can act as antecedent .What is not known can be corrected Example communication method that suitable are notice or prominent Buletin board,safety topic or meeting.The point is continous feedback on the behavior must be consistent. STEP-9 PROVIDE RECOGNITION OR CELEBRATE WHEN SAFE BEHAVIOR IMPROVEMENT OCCUR This step is very important to provide the positive reinforcement to the workers for performing behaviors safely Often this not done and the workers may get the impression that no one cares that the behaviors are being done safely Recognition and celebration often happen if the % acceptable behavior reach 95% plus score.

STEP-10 CHANGE BEHAVIORS TO BE OBSERVED OR CHANGE ACTIVATORS OR CONSEQUENCES AS APPROPRIATE In this step changes to Antecendent to, or consequences of, the behavior resulting from ABC anlysis are made. The changes should be properly recorded in all relevant BBS documentation. The changes of the behavior that are critical happens if the % of acceptable behavior reach 95% plus score or input suggest it. BBS observation card need to change also when critical behavior change. STEP-11 COMMUNICATE ANY CHANGES TO WORK FORCE In this step any change made in STEP 10 shall be communicated to work force .If the changed are going to be made, it is essesstial that all work force know what they are, so they can change their behavior accordingly.

The Behavior Based Safety Challenge:


To create conditions that encourage people to collaborate because they want to
Lets do it!!

not because they have to

If you do what youve always done, youll get what you always got! (W. Edwards Deming)

A Values-Based Process
Focus on the process.not resultsthey will come later!

ESTIMATED BUDGET FOR BBS PILOT PROJECT (ETHYLENE AREA)


No
1

Items 1. TRAININGS
TRAININGS
BBS Basic Observation and leadership Basic statistic

Units

Cost /unit USD $


1000 250 400

Total unit

Total cost

person person person

7 25 3

7,000 6,250 1,200

BBSTrainer
2 OPERATIONAL COST Assesment Observation card Comparison study visit Campaigns acessories Reward TOTAL

person

200

10

2,000

Man days sheet person pcs package

600 0.5 1500 20 10

15 2000 4 50 400

9,000 1,000 6,000 1,000 4,000

37,450

CONTINGENCY
GRAND TOTAL

374.5
37,824.5

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