2.

Using Energy
All to be able to state the different forms of energy (E) Most to be able describe energy transfers in simple systems (D)

Some to be able to explain the law of energy conservation (C)

Energy
Write down as many different forms of Energy as you can think of........you have 3 minutes

What is a useful energy transfer?

Many household objects are designed to transfer energy from one form into another useful form. What energy transfer is an electric fan designed to carry out?

electrical energy

kinetic energy

What is a useful energy transfer?

What energy transfer are these speakers designed to carry out?

electrical energy

sound energy

Describe the energy transfers in the objects you have been given

Energy transfer in a television

An energy transfer diagram shows the input and output energies for a device. This includes all the useful and wasted forms of energy.

light

electrical

sound heat

Energy transfer in a car engine

What are the main energy transfers in a car engine?

kinetic chemical

sound
heat

Law of conservation of energy

All energy transfers follow the law of conservation of energy:

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, just changed in form.

This means that energy never just disappears. The total amount of energy always stays the same, i.e. total input energy = total output energy.

In most energy transfers, the energy is transferred to several different forms, which may or may not be useful.
Energy that is transferred to unwanted forms of energy is wasted.

Device

Input energy

Useful energy

Waste energy

Portable radio
Food mixer Hairdryer

chemical
electrical electrical

sound
kinetic kinetic, heat

heat
heat, sound sound

Gas fire
Table lamp Car engine

chemical
electrical chemical

heat
light kinetic

light
heat heat, sound

Energy efficiency
To be able to state the equation to calculate energy efficiency (E) To be able to explain what efficiency means (D)

To be able to calculate energy efficiency (C)

How is energy efficiency calculated?

The energy efficiency of a device can be calculated using this formula:

energy efficiency =

useful output energy total input energy

Useful energy is measured in joules (J).

Total energy is measured in joules (J). Energy efficiency does not have any units.

It is a number between 0 and 1 which can be converted into a percentage by multiplying by 100.

The efficiency of a light bulb

This filament bulb is supplied with 100 J of electrical energy, which it converts to 45 J of light energy. a) How much energy is wasted? 55 J Wasted energy = Total Useful = 100 J 45 J = 55 J b) In what form is the energy Efficiency = Useful heat wasted? Total c) What is the efficiency = 45 J of the bulb? 0.45 or 45% 100 J = 0.45 or 45%

A radio
This radio is supplied with 300 J of electrical energy which it converts to 96 J of sound energy. a) How much energy is wasted? 204 J b) In what form is the energy wasted? heat c) What is the efficiency of the radio? 0.32 or 32%

Wasted energy = Total Useful = 300 J 96 J = 204 J

Efficiency = Useful Total = 96 J 300J = 0.32 or 32%

A television
This television converts 2 000 J of electrical energy into useful energy at an efficiency of 65%.

a) What useful energy does a television produce? light and sound

b) How much useful energy is produced? 1 300 J Efficiency = Useful Total Useful = Efficiency x Total = 0.65 x 2 000 J = 1 300 J

Appliance

Energy Input (J)

Useful energy output (J)

Wasted Energy (J)

Efficiency (%)

Light bulb
Energy saving light bulb

60 30 75 000 300 40 2000 120

12 22 20 000 180 10 200 86

48 8 55 000 120 30 1800 34

20 73 27 60 25 10 72

Car TV Laptop
Patio heater Human being