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INTRODUCTION
Industrial activity involves the transformation of raw materials into value added products
Transformation involves:
Input of energy, water and chemicals Involvement of man-power Use of space, buildings, machinery and equipment Generation of byproducts
INTRODUCTION
All these activities involve waste generation because transformation process has to be supported by:
Material Inputs require procurement, storage, processing and supply as and when required Intermediates may require storing Products & byproducts require storage, packing & shipment Wastes need proper collection, handling (storage, processing/treatment and transportation) and disposal Machinery and equipment, and facilities require repair and maintenance Employees require proper working environment (water supply and sanitation, canteen and other amenities)
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Concerns of these activities are identified and henceforth modification are suggested
The modifications and measures to be taken are suggested on the basis of:
Technical Feasibility Practical Feasibility Economical Feasibility
INTRODUCTION
The Punjab State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Limited popularly known as MILKFED Punjab, came into existence in 1973 Its Objectives:
To provide remunerative milk market to the Milk Producers in the State To provide technical inputs to the milk producers for enhancement of milk production on the other hand
PRODUCTS
Processed Cheese
Cheese Spread
Sweetened flavored milk Paneer
Dahi
Kheer Lassi Packaged Milk Cream (for catering purpose only) Khoya (for catering purpose only)
RAW MATERIAL
CORE ACTIVITIES
Milk procurement Filtration Cream Separation
Pasteurization
Homogenization Fat Percentage and SNF (solid-not-fat) ratio adjustment
Packaging
Storage
SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
Washing of Bottles, Milk Cans and Trays Chilled water plant & circulating chilled water system Boiler & Steam distribution system Quality Testing Lab Storage for Chemicals In-house Fuel Filling Station Convenience Facilities Transport Vehicle Garage and Repair Centre DG sets (2 of 250KVA each) and Transformer
Milk Collection
Storage Tank
Suspended Solids
Filtration
Cream
Feed Lines
Dahi
Flavored Milk
Chilled Water
H.E Pasteurization
Chilled Water
2000 psi
Homogenizer
Compressed Air
800 psi
Pump
Steam
Feed Tank
Steam Condensate Chemical addition container
Coagulated Proteins
Steam Vessel
Citric acid
Dye Boxes
Chilled Water
Microbial Culture
Feed Tank
Chilled Water Storage Room F.D Fan Automatic Cup Filling and Packing Steam fed Radiator Incubation Room for Cups
Chilled Water
Dahi Section
Feed Tank
Washing Chemicals
Bottles
Washing of Bottles
Bottle Checking
Automatic Filling
Manual Filling
Manual Capping
Wastewater
In-bottle Sterilizer
Microbial Culture
Feed Tank
Chilled Water
Sugar/Salt
Motor
Mixing
Automatic Packaging
Lassi Section
Trays
Tray Washing
Trays
Wood Steam
F.D Fan
Flue Gas
Blowdown to drain
Burnt Wood
Boiler
Brine Water
Refrigerant Vapors
Pump
Liquid Refrigerant
Chilled Water
Condenser
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Conveyor belt system requires frequent oiling and greasing Filtered out substances from milk which are mainly suspended solids and have high BOD Hydraulic Systems in milk packaging requires maintenance The steam condensate from Heat Exchangers
Spilling of milk
Waste heat
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Sludge disposal
Rejected products Noise Pollution CIP chemicals
Collected in two equalization tanks (10ft X 6ft X 8ft) Transferred to aerated lagoon (14ft X 28ft)
The treated water is used for irrigation of green belt within the industry premises.
Inlet of Wastewater Equalization Tank-1 10ft X 6ft X 8ft Equalization Tank-2 10ft X 6ft X 8ft Pump Aerator (10 HP)
V-notch Chamber
SUGGESTED MODIFICATIONS
REFERENCES
http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/tsd/mercury/pdf/njac726g1.pdf http://www.scribd.com/doc/46379519/Industrial-WastewaterManagement-System-Overview Based upon the Lectures of Dr. A.S Reddy on Industrial Waste Management http://www.scribd.com/doc/25462830/Supporting-IndustrialActivities-and-Environmental-Concerns