Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Kumar Animesh Shyam Sunder Hati Vaibhav Phalak Paras Arora Gijo John George
Gas Based Thermal Power is 17,706.35 MW ( approx. 10%) Oil Based Thermal Power is 1,199.75 MW (approx. 0.67%) Key Companies
Government company NTPC Private company- Tata Power, Reliance Power
Advantages
Disadvantages
The present installed capacity as of 30 June 2011 is approximately 37,367.4 MW 6,780 MW in terms of installed capacity from Small, Mini, and Micro Hydel schemes 21.53% of total electricity generation in India
Indus
53.49 32.64 13.87 46.51 66.94 69.77
62.92
64.03 1.11
Brahmaputra
11 13.76
2.76
86.24
Advantages
Disadvantages
Ecosystem damage and loss of land Siltation and flow shortage Methane emissions (from reservoirs) Relocation Failure risks
Availability Uranium India has limited uranium reserves Reasonably assured resources: 54,636 tonnes Estimated additional resources: 25,245Tonnes
Working
Principal:
A type of thermal power plant Heat source is a nuclear power reactor Heat from fission is used to generate steam which is used to run the turbines
20 nuclear reactors in six nuclear power plants generating 4,780 MW Seven other reactors under production to generate additional 5300 MW Expected Growth:
Advantages:
Nuclear energy is the world's largest source of emission-free energy Nuclear power plants provide low-cost, predictable power at stable prices Nuclear power plants have long periods of operation
Limitations:
Dangerous to operate Natural Accidents or terrorist attacks are always possible Decommissioning and waste disposal costs are huge Scarcity of fuel
Daily
average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 (depending upon location) MW of solar electricity produced as of May 2012
979.4
Gujarat
contributes the largest to the current installed capacity and boasts the largest solar park of Asia
Advantages
Disadvantages
Availability
Several
pockets of area with high wind speed all over India especially along coastal areas
Working Energy
Principal
Turbines
Total
Estimated
Advantages
Disadvantages
Geothermal
Bio-power Waste
to Energy
Super boiled water at hot spots used to turn turbines India's first Geothermal power plant with an initial capacity of 25 Megawatts will be coming up in Andhra Pradesh's Khammam district by 2012.
Include bio-fuel and biomass Burn biomass/bio-fuel to generate electricity Biomass can be grown or obtained as by-products Installed capacity- 3,325 MW Projected capacity22,000 MW
Serves dual purpose of disposing waste and generating electricity Different technologies available include:
Estimated capacity
NAPCC (National Action Plan on Climate Change) Released in 2008 and consists of 8 national missions including solar mission All the missions focus on sustainability and efficiency UNFCC (United Nations Framework on Climate Change) Aims to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous interference with the climate system India is a signatory to the treaty
National
Electricity Act 2003 Empowers parliament to legislate on renewable energy source related matters Empowers centre to direct State electricity boards on renewable source related matters National Clean energy Fund Recently created to tax carbon projects and fund research in renewable sources
Studies
on generation and expansion of power production Augmenting renewable power capacity Retirement of old thermal units Time of day tariff policy
Hydro Emphasis due to low-carbon growth strategy Initiative for establishment of 50,000 MW Hydro power Capacity addition of 1400 MW is also envisaged from small hydro up to 25 MW station capacity
Nuclear Limited uranium deposits, huge thorium deposits to play role in long term 500MW plant being built, 4 more by 2020 With agreement with US and NSG waiver to supply nuclear fuel, technology to advance
Gas
Some plants ready but not commissioned due to scarcity of gas 13000MW projects in various phases of completion Semi-green technology, so needs to be promoted Coal 70% of coal produced is used in power sector Problems of land acquisition and forest clearances So, deficiency of 53MT coal, 35MT imported last year Blending of imported coal technically feasible upto 1015%
Solar The launch of the National Solar Mission has given a big impetus to solar energy in India. The highlights of the mission are given below:
Installed capacity of 20000 MW by 2022 Establishment of a single window investor friendly mechanism Envisages an investment of Rs 90,000 crores over the next 30 years Initial investment of Rs 4,337 crores provided by the Government of India
Wind
Generation Based Incentives (GBI) of Rs 0.50 per kWh provided by GOI It aims at attracting FDI and promoting actual generation of wind power than mere installation
Type of source Thermal Hydro Nuclear Renewable Sources except hydro Total
To be added in 12th plan (MW) 67686 9204 2800 14500(Except solar) 4000(Solar) 98190
To be added in 13th plan(MW) 49200 12000 18000 14500(Except solar) 16000 109500
186654.62
3% 21%
0% 10% 66%
2%
12%
2%
17%
67% 5%
Thermal
12%
7%
15%
Hydro
61%
Share of thermal source is slated to be reduced from 66% at present to 61% in 2022 Despite polluting nature of thermal plants, they are indispensible because of abundancy of coal as well as lack of other viable alternatives Share of nuclear and solar are expected to grow from 35 & negligible resp. to 7% & 55 resp. showing GOIs inclination towards sustainability Gas technology in thermal plants being a good alternative to coal is facing constraints due to scarcity