Chaos Mappings

The Whipper Snipper

55-fold cyclic symmetry

Taken from book: Symmetry in Chaos

Flows vs. Maps

System of ordinary first-order differential equations:
where t = independent variable xi x1 , x2 , . . . , xn . example of a flow

Flows
Flow gives rise to continuous evolution of field lines in the n-dimensional space (or phase space) If the volume in space remains constant with time, the flow is conservative. If the volume in space decreases with time, the flow is dissipative.
A dampening effect in dynamics like friction

Flows
The first system of equations can be written in column vector form:

Lorenz Equations
Chaotic effects arises when
At least one of the functions fi contains a nonlinear term (e.g., x12, x12x2, x1x23) The dimension of the system of equations is 3 or greater s, r, and b are all constants Lorenz attractor when s = 10, b = 8/3, and r = 28

Dynamic Systems as Maps

XN+1 = G(XN), N = 1, 2, . . .
can be defined by the column vectors

where N labels the Nth iteration of the map

Dynamic Systems as Maps

A map can be generated from a flow by taking:
X(t), X(t + t), X(t + 2t), . . . X0, X1, X2, . . .

Condition for chaos in mappings

Must contain at least one nonlinear term

Flows vs. Maps

Flows
Dimension Method for solving N3 system of differential equations

Maps
N 1 iterations

Simple Maps
1. 2. 3. 4. The logistic map The Hnon attractor Chaos esthtique The Standard Map

The Logistic Map

Xn+1 = axn(1-xn) At iteration 1000 1.0 below this value the population cannot survive 2.0 oscillatory approach to the asymptotic value 3.0 period of the population doubles 3.45 something else happens

The Logistic Map

Adding iteration 1001 At around 3.57 chaos emerges Chaos does not necessarily imply disorder Chaos is the randomness in predicting the next iteration

The Logistic Map

Adding iteration 1003 Period quadruples at 3.449499

The Logistic Map

256 iterations after i1000 3.544090 period of 8 3.564407 period of 16 3.568759 period of 32 3.569692 period of 64 3.569946 period doubling ends

The Logistic Map

One of the branches is a small replication of the entire function Self similarity across scales

The Logistic Map

Y range = 0.489 0.52 X range = 3.625 3.638 Box: 3.6339 3.6342

The Logistic Map

Y range = 0.491 0.501 Box = 3.634042 3.634052

The Logistic Map

Y range = 0.499621 0.50015 X range = 3.63404761 3.63404998 Magnification nearly 1 million times that of the first chaos mapping

The Logistic Map

~ 3.569946 period doubling region ends and chaos begins 3.828427 small period tripling window opens up ~ 3.855 period tripling cascade ends and chaos resumes ~ 4.0 chaos reigns!!!

The Logistic Map

Both periodicity and chaos in this picture 3.828427 small period tripling window opens up ~ 3.855 period tripling cascade ends and chaos resumes

The Hnon Attractor

2-D map given by the equations:
xn+1 = yn + 1 axn2 yn+1 = Bxn

General form of the attractor does not depend on initial x and y values

The Hnon Attractor

1x magnification

8x magnification

64x magnification

512x magnification

The Hnon Attractor

Data generated through C++ Rendered with POVray 24bit undersampled 640x480 image 10 12 hours to render
http://www.ph.utexas.edu/~mor row/Henon/henon.html

The Chaos Esthtique

2-D mapping for modeling the dynamics of a particle accelerator
xn+1 = yn + f(xn) yn+1 = -bxn + f(xn+1) where a and b are constants and f(x) = ax + [2(1 a)x2 / (1 + x2)]

Conservative Mapping

Dissipative Mapping

The Standard Map

2-D map to model accelerator dynamics
qn+1 = qn + pn+1 pn+1 = pn + (k/2p) sin(2pqn) for small values of k there is no chaos for values of k above ~ 4 chaos reigns the onset of widespread chaotic behavior occurs ~ 0.9716

The Standard Map

closed loops stable regions with fixed or periodic points at the centers hazy regions unstable and chaotic

The Standard Map

References
D. Gulick, Encounters with Chaos (McGraw Hill, Inc., New York, 1992), pp. 127-186, 195-220, 240-285 P. Berge, Y. Pomeau, and C. Vidal, Order Within Chaos; Towards a Deterministic Approach to Turbulence (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984), pp. 111-144, 301-324. R. Devaney, A First Course in Chaotic Dynamical Systems (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1992), pp. 154-163. H. Lauwerier, Fractals: Endlessly Repeating Geometrical Figures (Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1991), p. 136. M. Tabor, Chaos and Integrability in Nonlinear Dynamics, An Introduction (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989), pp. 134-167. K. T. R. Davies and M. Baranger, to be published.

Web References
Exploring the Logistic Map M. Casco Associates Strange attractors Henon, etc. Standard Map - Cirikov-Taylor map Heun attractor program in BASIC