INDOOR AIR POLLUTION

Sources and Health Effects

Janine Bernadette A. Pontanar BS Chemistry IV

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological material that cause harm discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment; into the atmosphere. What do you POLLUTION? mean by INDOOR AIR

It refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of air in the indoor environment within a home, building, or an institution or commercial facility.

What are the SOURCES of indoor air pollution?

COMBUSTION OF GASES FROM FIREPLACES AND WOODBURNING STOVES

DUST MITES AND ANIMAL DANDER

DUST MITE FECES

PAINTS, VARNISH

CHEMICAL FUMES

TOBACCO SMOKE

CAR EXHAUST SOIL

MOLDS AND BACTERIA

INDOOR WORKPLACE

PLYWOOD

Indoor POLLUTANTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Formaldehyde Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Tobacco smoke Asbestos Radon

FORMALDEHYDE
Sources: durable press fabrics Pressed wood products such as plywood and particleboard furnishings wallpaper upholstery Carpets Detergents shampoo

FORMALDEHYDE
Glues Markers Paints Cigarettes Dyes Urea-formaldehyde foam insulation Bubble bath

FORMALDEHYDE
Health effects: nose irritation Eyes irritation throat irritation/spasm allergic reactions Skin rashes Headache cancer

Indoor POLLUTANTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Formaldehyde Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Tobacco smoke Asbestos Radon

NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Sources: un-vented gas stoves and heaters Environmental tobacco smoke Kerosene heaters

NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Health effects: NO2 acts mainly as an irritant affecting the mucosa of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Extremely high-dose exposure (as in a building fire) to NO2 may result in pulmonary edema and diffuse lung injury. Continued exposure to high NO2 levels can contribute to the development of acute or chronic bronchitis.

NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Low level NO2 exposure may cause increased bronchial reactivity in some asthmatics, decreased lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and increased risk of respiratory infections, especially in young children. Death generally results within 210 days after exposure to 500 ppm or more of NO2.

Indoor POLLUTANTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Formaldehyde Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Tobacco smoke Asbestos Radon

CARBON MONOXIDE
Sources: Unvented or Malfunctioning Gas Appliances Wood Stoves Tobacco Smoke Incomplete combustion of any fuel

CARBON MONOXIDE
Health effects:

Fatigue Dizziness irregular breathing cherry red lips Nausea Headache Paleness Coughing Impaired vision and mental functioning Fatal at high concentrations

Figure 1.0 Absorption Effects of Carbon Monoxide in the Body

Indoor POLLUTANTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Formaldehyde Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Tobacco smoke Asbestos Radon

Indoor POLLUTANTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Formaldehyde Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Tobacco smoke Asbestos Radon

TOBACCO SMOKE
Sources: cigarettes

Figure 1.2 Tobacco has 4000 chemicals

TOBACCO SMOKE
Pollutant Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Nitrogen oxides Ammonia Hydrogen cyanide Formaldehyde Acrolein Nicotine Total particles Phenol Catechol Naphthalene Aniline Sidestream smoke (mg per cigarette) 10,000-80,000 500-26,000 16-600 10-130 280-550 20-90 10-140 60-2300 100-40,000 20-150 40-280 2.8 0.1-1.2 Mainstream smoke (mg per cigarette) 81,000-640,000 1200-65,000 80-3500 400-9500 48-203 1000-4600 100-1700 160-7600 130-76,000 52-390 28-196 45 3-36

TOBACCO SMOKE
Health effects: burning eyes Nose irritation throat irritation cancer Bronchitis Pneumonia severe asthma decrease in lung function TB Cancer

Indoor POLLUTANTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Formaldehyde Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Tobacco smoke Asbestos Radon

ASBESTOS
Sources: Buildings Fireplace gloves Certain hair dryers Pipes

Figure 1.3 Asbestos

ASBESTOS
Health effects: asbestosis, a scarring of the lungs that leads to breathing problems and heart failure. lung cancer Mesothelioma Asbestos may also be linked to cancer of the stomach, intestines, and rectum

Closed Vermiculite mine in Libby, Montana where 192 deaths and 375 lung injuries due asbestos were reported.

Indoor POLLUTANTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Formaldehyde Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Tobacco smoke Asbestos Radon

RADON
Sources: Soils

RADON

RADON
Health effects: Lung Cancer

RADON
Radon is radioactive but chemically unreactive colorless, tasteless, odorless gas produced by radioactive decay of uranium. Its decay products, called radon progeny, are electrically charged and can be inhaled or attach to particles that are inhaled. Radon itself is not harmful, but its progeny, particularly polonium and lead, are highly carcinogenic.

Radioactive emissions

1898 Ernest Rutherford found out that Becquerels uranium emitted alpha and beta particles.

According to the survey of National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS), adults and children stay indoor 89% of all the time, 6% outdoor, and 5% in the car.

Comparison of Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Air pollution

RULE OF A THOUSAND

A pollutant released indoors is about 1000 times more likely to be inhaled than that same amount released outdoors. -Nazaroff, 2000

How to avoid air pollution?

Proper VENTILATION Proper construction of buildings Green Chemistry

DAGHANG SALAMAT!!! :DD