Multi-service Transport Platform Ethernet over SDH (EoS)

Need of Ethernet over SDH ?

To provide Ethernet services or data exchange capability to remote sites through SDH equipments. LAN size will physically increase and remote users can use it without boundary limitations. Can connect networks of various corporate offices at different locations together.

Contents

EoS System Structure Ethernet Frame Encapsulation Contiguous Concatenation and Virtual Concatenation L2 Switching Principle VLAN

EoS System Structure

SDH OL Card
PDH/SDH

SDH OL Card

STMN

SDH Cross Connect

STMN

Framer / Mapper
Ethernet

L2 Switch

Transparent

10M/100M/GE
Ethernet Interfaces

EoS Functional Model

LAPS: Link Access Procedure for SDH

Ethernet Interface

PPP / LAPS / GFP

Cross Connect

VC Mapping

Encapsulation

PPP: Point to Point protocol

L 2 Switch

Interface

MSOH

RSOH

STM-N

EoS
GFP: Generic Framing Procedure

Contents

EoS System Structure Ethernet Frame Encapsulation Contiguous Concatenation and Virtual Concatenation L2 Switching Principle VLAN

Encapsulation Protocols of EoS

Layered Architecture (Ethernet to SDH)

IEEE 802.3 MAC

PPP/LAPS/GFP
VC12/VC3/VC4 Multiplex Section Regeneration Section

ZTEs MSTP can support PPP,LAPS and GFP.

PHY

Encapsulation Protocol stack maintains point to point link, control rate adjustment, and mapping from Ethernet to SDH. The Encapsulation Protocol can be PPP, LAPS, or GFP.

Encapsulation Techniques

There are four encapsulation techniques available. Virtual Concatenation (VC) and the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) techniques define the method for transport. Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) and Link Access Procedure for SDH (LAPS) techniques are layer 1 adaptation protocols for transport.

Contents

EoS System Structure Ethernet Frame Encapsulation Contiguous Concatenation and Virtual Concatenation L2 Switching Principle VLAN

Contiguous Concatenation

NE supports STM-16 OL card with VC-4-4c functions

VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4-4c VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4 VC-4-4c

TDM

IP

TDM

ATM

STM-16
VC-4-4c 4VC-4 STM-4

IP/ATM

TDM

Contiguous concatenation is also known as Pointer based concatenation.

Virtual Concatenation

VC-12 VC-12 VC-12 VC-12

. . . VC-12

SDH Network

Receiving VC-12-Nc Delay process

Sending

Facts about Virtual Concatenation

Only source & destination NEs are required to support virtual concatenation (NEs on the way are not required to support Virtual Concatenation). VC-n need not be consecutive or in order, each VC can be sent independently. Support delay and multi-path transmission. Provide efficient bandwidth utilization.

Facts about Contiguous Concatenation

Supports concatenation of higher order virtual containers (VC-4 level). All the NEs from source to destination are required to support contiguous concatenation. Normally used for applications like (Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, or high bandwidth media). All VC-n must be consecutive and packed together. Do not support delay and multi-path transmission.

Contents

EoS System Structure Ethernet Frame Encapsulation Contiguous Concatenation and Virtual Concatenation L2 Switching Principle VLAN

User ports & System ports

User (LAN) Port: Ethernet ports used to link to the local LAN. System (WAN) Port: Ports in the back-plane linked to SDH. Share or Divergence: Several user ports merge into one system port. Convergence: Several system ports merge into one user port.

LAN
User Ports Share or Divergence

WA N

LAN

WAN

System Ports

Convergence with Ratio 4:1

Back Plane

MAC Address Table

L2 Switch is a data-link equipment which can read the MAC address of the frame and switch data according to MAC address. Create MAC address table by static configuration or learn the source MAC address from frames. Extract destination MAC address of frame and compare it with MAC address table to find its outgoing port. If cant find entry in the table then it floods to all ports except the source port (arrival port).

LAN

WAN

MAC-Address 0x02-11-30-FE-0600 0x04-02-FF-00-01-

Port 0x00

0x01

F1 0x08-00-00-FF-030x02 08 MAC Address Table

Contents

EoS System Structure Ethernet Frame Encapsulation Contiguous Concatenation and Virtual Concatenation L2 Switching Principle VLAN

What is VLAN ?

Virtual LANs (VLANs) enable us to group users logically rather than by physical location. Limit Broadcast Domain: VLAN can divide the physical network into different broadcast domains (VLAN domains) to limit the traffic only exchanged among the ports of the same VLAN. This saves bandwidth. Limit Broadcast Storm: Broadcast storm of one VLAN will not spread to the ports of other VLANs. Provide Security: Size and position of the accessing and controlling group of the users are limited by VLAN to make it secure.

VLAN Format Based on 802.1Q

Des. Add.

Sour. Add.

TAG Protocol Identifier

TAG Control Information

Type/Lengt h

Payload

FCS

0x8100 fixed value for 802.1Q (Tag Protocol Identifier) 2 bytes of Tag Control Information P V P P C V V V V V V V V V V V

P 3 bit user priority: 0~7 C 1 bit canonical form indicator: 0 indicates Ethernet; 1 indicates Token Ring V 12 bit VLAN Id. VLAN 0 & VLAN 4095 are reserved. (VLAN 1 to VLAN 4094 are usable)

VLAN Application

Switch

Switch

Switch

Switch

VLAN#1

VLAN#2

VLAN#3

VLAN#1

VLAN#3

LAN Switch Model---VLAN

Access Ports Red VLAN Access Ports Blue VLAN Access Ports Red VLAN Access Ports Blue VLAN

RS1

RS2

Trunk Port

Access Ports Green VLAN

Access Ports Green VLAN

Virtual Bridge of MSTP (VLAN Mode)

Access Mode VLAN based on ports

Access frames without VLAN Tag and add PVID (based on ports) to form their VLAN Tag. When service come out of the ports with PVID, peel off the PVID reverting it to the frame without VLAN Tag. Using access mode, data is exchanged according to MAC-VLAN to realize VLAN based on ports.

PVID can be set by NMS.

Virtual Bridge of MSTP (VLAN Mode)

Trunk Mode VLAN based on ID Tagged Trunk mode supports VLAN trunk, i.e. one port can carry different VLAN frames. It is normally used between two switches or devices to carry aggregate traffic.

Trunk

Trunk refer to binding several Ethernet ports together to form a logical port. It carries aggregate traffic of several access ports.

A
200M

LCAS (G.7042)

LCAS is a means for the source and the sink to synchronize during addition or deletion of members to a VC-Group such that payload deadaptation at the sink end may be done smoothly. This synchronization mechanism is necessary because of the varying delays that each member of a VC-Group may incur. By dynamically altering the bandwidth of SDH transport pipes, LCAS allows us to adjust bandwidth based on quality of service (QoS) or other priority considerations.

Introduction to Spanning Tree Protocol

Redundancy is good for all types of networks including Ethernet based networks. However, it creates Broadcast Storm problems in Ethernet networks. Broadcast Storm

Loop Duplicate delivery of frames Instability in MAC-Address table In order to get rid of above problems, STP is used.

Introduction to Spanning Tree Protocol

STP, a protocol that runs between bridges and allows them to discover redundant paths. Once redundant paths are discovered, they are shut down virtually. Spanning Tree precludes load balancing it prunes all redundant paths. Spanning tree by default is OFF on all ports. Ports must be explicitly added to Spanning Tree.