Examine Frontier Perspective of Human Development In India

Group 4

Content
What is Human Development? Basic Pillars of Human Development Human Development Index (HDI) Methodology to Calculate HDI Indias HDI Value & Rank HDI of States in India Inequality Adjusted HDI IHDI of States in India UN Human Development Report UN Human Milenium Development Goals Social Sector in India
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What is Human Development ?

Much more than the rise or fall of national income Purpose - To shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people centered policies Development is thus about expanding the choices people have, to lead lives that they value, improving the human condition and enlarging peoples choices.

Mahbub ul Haq (1934-1998) Founder of the Human Development

Basic Pillars of Human Development

Sustainability

Production

Idea of fairness for every person

View that we all have the right to earn a living that can sustain us and have access to a more even distribution of goods amongst populations.

To show how the government needs more efficient social programs for its people.

Empowerment

Equity

An indicator of general well-being

Human Development
Process of achieving an optimum level of health & wellbeing which includes physical, biological, mental, emotional, social, educational, economic, and cultural components Human Development Index - life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate & mean years of schooling, & income as measured by real gross domestic product per capita Useful comparative measure of the well-being of a population

Human Development Index (HDI)

It is a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of "human development" like,
Very High Human Development High Human Development Medium Human Development Low Human Development Life Expectancy Literacy Education Standards Of Living For Countries Worldwide
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It is a comparative measure of

Also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life

Methodology To Calculate HDI

In its 2010 Human Development Report the UNDP began using a new method of calculating the HDI 1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI)

2. Education Index
2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI)

2.2

Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI)

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Methodology To Calculate HDI

Income Index (II) Human Development Index

LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a 25-yearold person or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-yearold child will spend with his education in his whole life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
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Indias HDI Value & Rank

The rank of Indias HDI for 2011 is 134 out of 187 countries
Year 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 Life Expectancy at Birth 55.3 57.0 58.3 59.8 61.6 63.3 65.1 65.4 Expected Years of Schooling 6.5 7.3 7.7 8.3 8.4 9.9 10.3 10.3 GNI per Capita (PPP US $) 896 1043 1229 1453 1747 2280 3248 3468

Mean Years of Schooling

1.9 2.4 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.4

HDI Value 0.344 0.380 0.410 0.437 0.461 0.504 0.542 0.547

9 Indias progress in each of the HDI indicators between 1980 & 2011

2011 2010

0.547
0.542 0.535 0.527 0.523

2009
2008 2007 2006 2005 0.5

0.512
0.504 0.52 HDI Value 0.54 0.56

Chart : India HDI Trend, 2005 11

Regional Countries HDI Trend 10 1980 - 2011

HDI of States in India

Vertical bars HDI Dark black circles Education Dimension Index Cross with white squares Income Dimension Index Dark black diamonds Health Dimension Index
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Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)

Average loss due to inequality is 32% at all India level In-equality is highest for Madhya Pradesh (36%), Chhattisgarh (35%) In-equality is lowest for Kerela (17%)

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0.25 Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Gujarat

0.35

0.45

0.55

0.65

Haryana
Himachal Pradesh

Jharkhand
Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal HDI IHDI

IHDI of States of India

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Kerala Model of Development

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Kerala The "Land of Women"

Sex Ratio
Sex ratio of India 940 per 1000 Sex ratio of Kerala 1058

Female Literacy (During independence)

Female literacy rate of India 7.9 % Female literacy rate of Kerala 32 %

Female Literacy (Today)

Female literacy rate of India 54 % Female literacy rate of Kerala 88 %

Female Life Expectancy

Female life expectancy of India 60.4 Years Female life expectancy of Kerala 72.4 Years

Matriarchal System
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Success factors
Educational Reforms

People Friendly police policy

Rural Health Care

Decentralization of the power

Irrigation Projects
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UN Human Development Report

An illustration of policy synergies & trade-offs between equity & sustainability

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Patterns Of Risk Change :

Environmental Transitions & Human Development

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United Nations Millennium Development Goals

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Target: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day
Proportion of People living in less than $1

2005
Eastern Asia South-Eastern Asia Caucasus & Central Asia Caribbean Southern Asia (excluding India) Southern Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

1990 60

16 19 6 19 26 29 31 39 39

45 49 51 58

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Target :Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

Goal 3:Promote gender equality and empower women
Target :Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

Goal 4:Reduce child mortality
Target: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

Goal 5 : Improve maternal health
Target: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

Goal 6:Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

Goal 7:Ensure environmental sustainability
Target: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programme and reverse the loss of environmental resources

United Nations Millennium Development Goals(Contd)

Goal 8:Develop a global partnership for development
Target: Address the special needs of the least developed countries, landlocked countries and small island developing states

Social Sector in India

Budgeted allocation for social sector in India 2011 : 1,60,887 Crore Rs. YOY increase by INR 10,000 Crore increase of 17% over current year. It amounts to 36.4% of the total plan allocation Bharat Nirman: Includes PMGSY, Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme, Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna, IAY, National Rural Drinking Water Programme and Rural telephony have together been allocated `58,000 crore

Social Sector in India(Contd..)

Sarva Sikhsha Abhiyaan:21,000 crore which is 40 per cent higher than 2010-11 Budget allocation for primitive tribal groups 244 crore in 2011-12

Thank You