BPTT 1053 Business Statistics

Nusaibah binti Mansor 06-283 3172 nusaibah@utem.edu.my Class : Monday 9-11am Consultation Hour : 9-11am (every Tuesday)

Chap 1-1

Course Outline

http://ulearn.utem.edu.my

Chap 1-2

Course Outline

Course Evaluation
Marks Coursework
Quizzes 20% Assignment 20%

40% 20% 20%

Mid term Exam Final Exam

Chap 1-3

Course Outline
Week 1 2 3 4 5 Session Contents Lecture 1 Chapter 1: Graphical Presentation of Data Lecture 2 Chapter 1: Graphical Presentation of Data Lecture 3 Chapter 2: Basic Probability Lecture 4 Chapter 3: Discrete Probability Distribution Semester Break

6
7 8 9

Lecture 5 Chapter 3: Discrete Probability Distribution Lecture 6 Chapter 4: Continuous Probability Distribution
Lecture 7 Chapter 4: Continuous Probability Distribution Lecture 8 Chapter 5: Sampling Distribution

Chap 1-4

Cont..
Week
10 11

Session
Lecture 9 Lecture 10

Contents Chapter 6: Interval Estimation Chapter 6: Interval Estimation

12
13 14

Lecture 11
Lecture 12 Lecture 13

Chapter 7: Hypothesis Testing

Chapter 7: Hypothesis Testing Chapter 8: Analysis of Variance Chapter 9: Simple Linear Regression Revision Week Examination Weeks
Chap 1-5

15
16 17 & 18

Lecture 14

BPTT 1053 Business Statistics

Lecture 1

Graphical Presentation of Data

Chap 1-6

Introduction

Statistics is a branch of mathematics that transforms numbers into useful information for decision makers. A basic vocabulary of statistics, such that:

Variable: characteristic of an item or individual. Population: consists of all the items or individuals about which you want to draw a conclusion. Sample: is a portion of a population selected for analysis.

Chap 1-7

Population vs. Sample

Population Sample

Measures used to describe the population are called parameters

Measures computed from sample data are called statistics

Chap 1-8

Example
Three Professors at Toyohashi University compared 2 different approaches to teach courses in the school of business. At the time of the study, there were 2500 students in the business school and 92 students were involved in the study. Demographic data collected on these 92 students included class, age, gender and major. Categorized: A variable: A population: A sample:

Chap 1-9

Graphical Presentation of Data

2 types :

Qualitative - Bar charts and Pie charts are normally used to summarized qualitative or attribute or categorical data. Ex: State of birth (Melaka, Selangor..etc) Car maker (Proton, Toyota, Honda..etc)

Quantitative dot plots and stem-and-leaf display usually represent quantitative data. Ex: For a particular day, the number of cars entering a university campus is measured.
Chap 1-10

Qualitative Data

Bar Chart
Series1, Perodua, Automotive Sales Year End 2010 169,000 Series1, Proton, 145,000

Carmaker Toyota Perodua Proton Honda Kia Hyundai Nissan

Unit 80,000 169,000 145,000 40,000 8,800 8,000 28,000

Series1, Toyota, 80,000

Series1, Honda, 40,000

Series1, Nissan, 28,000

Series1, Hyundai, Series1, Kia, 8,800 8,000

Chap 1-11

Qualitative Data

Pie Chart

Chap 1-12

Qualitative Data

Pareto Chart

Chap 1-13

Quantitative Data

Dot plot

The simplest graph for quantitative data Plots the measurements as points on a horizontal axis, stacking the points that duplicate existing points. Example: The set 4, 5, 5, 7, 6

7
Chap 1-14

Quantitative Data

Stem-and-Leaf Plot
The prices ($) of 18 brands of walking shoes: 70 70 70 75 70 65 68 70 95 75 70 68 65 40 60 65

90 74

Chap 1-15

Frequency Distribution and Histogram

Frequency Distribution

Procedure for constructing a frequency distribution:

Identify the high (H) and low (L) scores. Find the range with the formula, range = H - L . Number of classes, Width of a class interval, Select a number of classes and a class width so that the product is a bit larger than the range. Pick a starting point a little smaller than the lowest score, L. count from L by the width to obtain the class boundaries. Observations that fall on class boundaries are placed into the class interval to the right.
Chap 1-16

Cont

Relative Frequency Distribution & Percentage Distribution

Relative frequency = proportion in each group is equal to the number of frequencies in each class divided by the total number of values

Percentage = proportion x 100%

Chap 1-17

Example
The hemoglobin test, a blood test given to diabetics during their periodic checkups, indicates the level of control of blood sugar during the past two to three months. The data in the table below was obtained for 40 different diabetics at a university clinic that treats diabetic patients:

6.5 6.4

5.0 6.0

5.6 5.6

7.6 6.0

4.8 5.7

8.0 9.2

7.5 8.1

7.9 8.0

8.0 6.5

9.2 6.6

5.0 7.9

8.0 6.0

6.5 5.6

6.1 6.0

6.4 6.2

6.6 7.7

7.2 6.7

5.9 7.7

4.0 8.2

5.7 9.0
Chap 1-18

Cont
Construct a grouped frequency distribution using the classes etc
Which class has the highest frequency?

Chap 1-19

Solution
Cumulative Relative Frequency

Class Boundaries

Frequency,

Relative Frequency

Class Midpoint,

1 6 16 4 10 3

0.025 0.150 0.400 0.100 0.250 0.075

0.025 0.175 0.575 0.675 0.925 1.000

4.2 5.2 6.2 7.2 8.2 9.2

Chap 1-20

Histogram

The histogram is a bar chart for grouped numerical data in which the frequencies or percentages of each group of numerical data are represented as individual vertical bars.

In a histogram, there are no gaps between adjacent bars as there is in a bar chart of categorical data. X-axis display the variables of interest . Y-axis represent either the frequency or the percentage of values per class interval.
Chap 1-21

Example
Construct a histogram for the blood test results given in previous example
Histogram of Blood Test Results , 5.7 - 6.6, 16

, 7.7 - 8.6, 10

, 4.7 - 5.6, 6

, 6.7 - 7.6, 4 , 8.7 - 9.6, 3

, 3.7 - 4.6, 1 Chap 1-22

THANK YOU FOR STAYING AWAKE!

Chap 1-23