The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

DHS Center of Excellence for Port Security 11 Institutions Maritime Domain Awareness & Resiliency Maritime Domain Awareness
Approach Dual Use Technologies Demonstrate Nested Vessel Detection Global > Approaches > Port University of Miami Global Satellite Coverage, Visible & Microwave Rutgers University Over-the-Horizon Compact High Frequency Radar Networks Stevens Institute of Technology Local High-Resolution Optics & Shallow Underwater Acoustics The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Rutgers University CODAR Ocean Sensors Academic Industry Partnership since 1998

CSRs HF Radar Mission: 1. Develop the HF Radar Dual-Use Capability for Current Mapping & Vessel Tracking. 2. Transition these Capabilities to Operational Use for Search And Rescue (SAR) and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). 3. Educate the Workforce Required to Operate these National Systems.
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Rutgers University CODAR Ocean Sensors Academic Industry Partnership since 1998
HF Radar Team Rutgers University Scott Glenn, Josh Kohut, Hugh Roarty, Mike Crowley, John Kerfoot, Ethan Handel, Mike Smith, Colin Evans

CODAR Ocean Sensors Don Barrick, Pete Lilleboe, Laura Pederson, Belinda Lipa, Chad Whelan, Bruce Nyden, Bill Rector, Jimmy Isaacson

University or Puerto Rico Mayaguez

Jorge Corredor

Applied Mathematics, Inc Bill Browning

University of Alaska
Tom Weingarter, Hank Statskewich

Ocean Power Technologies

Debbie Montangna

ONR - 2004

Naval Research Laboratory

Michael Lovellette, Dan Newton

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)

CODAR Compact HF Radar Antennas

25 MHz

13 MHz

5 MHz Separate Transmitter & Receiver

Combined Transmitter & Receiver

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Shed and Enclosures

monitor A.C. unit transmitter computer & external hard drive

UPS system
receiver Two lines of
Communication

Shed

Lightning Protection

Enclosure

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Data Aggregation Center

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Surface Current Mapping Capability

25 MHz
Radar l: 12 m Ocean l: 6 m Range: 30 km Resolution: 1 km

13 MHz
Radar l: 23 m Ocean l: 12 m Range: 80 km Resolution: 3 km

05 MHz
Radar l: 60m Ocean l: 30 m Range: 180 km Resolution: 6 km

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Vessel Detection Capability

25 MHz
Range: 11 nmi Size: 10 ft

13 MHz
Range: 43 nmi Size: 19 ft

05 MHz
Range: 65nmi Size: 50 ft
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Mid-Atlantic Bight HF Radar Network

1000 km Alongshore Length Scale

Mid-Atlantic HF Radar Network 14 Long-Range CODARs 7 Medium-Range CODARs 15 Short-Range CODARs 36 Total Triple Nested & Multistatic

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Success Stories Making a Difference Optimizing HF Radar for SAR using USCG Surface Drifters

Art Allen U.S. Coast Guard Scott Glenn Rutgers University Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Transition Objective Operational Use of HF Radar Surface Currents for Search And Rescue Surface Currents

Data Acquisitio n

Data Product Generation & Management

Search And Rescue Optimal Planning System (SAROPS) The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

11

5000 Virtual Drifters Search Area After 96 Hours

154 km

100 km 232 km

123 km

HYCOM 36,000 km2

CODAR 12,000 km2

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

May 4, 2009: After a year of testing, NOAA Announces on U.S. Department of Commerce Website that MARACOOS CODAR is Operational in SAROPS
Present Activity:

Bring all sustained regional-scale HFR networks up to operational status in USCG SAROPS
3 West Coast Regions for California & Oregon are ready.

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

IOOS Coordinated Rapid Response: Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Contributed Assets:
HF Radar Networks USF, USM Gliders iRobot, Mote, Rutgers, SIO/WHOI, UDel, USF Drifters & Profilers Horizon Marine, Navy Satellite Imagery CSTARS, UDel Ocean Forecasts Navy, NCSU Data/Web Services ASA, Rutgers, SIO

Tropical Storm Bonnie crosses the Gulf of Mexico

USM HFR TS Bonnie

USF HFR

USM HFR validation of SABGOM Forecast in region with satellite detected oil slicks

HFR used for Oil Slick Forecasts by NOAA/NOS/OR&R

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

IOOS Coordinated Rapid Response: Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Contributed Assets:
HF Radar Networks USF, USM Gliders iRobot, Mote, Rutgers, SIO/WHOI, UDel, USF Drifters & Profilers Horizon Marine, Navy Satellite Imagery CSTARS, UDel Ocean Forecasts Navy, NCSU Data/Web Services ASA, Rutgers, SIO

Tropical Storm Bonnie crosses the Gulf of Mexico

USM HFR TS Bonnie

USF HFR

USM HFR validation of SABGOM Forecast in region with satellite detected oil slicks

HFR used for Oil Slick Forecasts by NOAA/NOS/OR&R

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

U.S. National HF Radar Network

Table 4: Full 5-Year Buildout. Estimated acquisition & maintenance costs.

Technician fully encumbered salary is estimated at $130,000; Purchase and deployment for DF HFRs, LPA HFRs are $160,000 and $300,000, respectively. Two technicians for each 7 DF HFRs, 4 LPA HFRs, respectively. September 2009 The Center for Secure and Resilient http://www.ioos.gov/hfradar/ Maritime Commerce (CSR)

U.S. National HF Radar Network

Summer 2011 Coverage 131 Radars The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

HF Radar Success Story

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Global HF Radar Coverage

258 Stations in 21 Countries

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Maritime Wide Area Surveillance

2005 Report Network of compact sensors more effective than few large phased arrays POC Mr. Gary Hover

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

CSR Research Objective Develop the Dual Use Capability in 3 Testbeds

Detection

Association

Track Fitting

Urbanized Harbor Testbed

21

Tropical Testbed
CSR Year 0

Arctic Testbed

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

CSR Research Objective Develop the Dual Use Capability in 3 Testbeds

Detection

Association

Track Fitting

Urbanized Harbor Testbed

22

Tropical Testbed
CSR Year 5 Goal

Arctic Testbed

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

CSR Research Objective Develop the Dual Use Capability in 3 Testbeds

Detection

Association

Track Fitting

Urbanized Harbor Testbed

23

Tropical Testbed
CSR Year 4 Status

Arctic Testbed

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Signal present in Loop 2 and Monopole. Signal originated in direction of Stevens anchor site. Loop 2 Loop 1

Loop 1

Loop 2

Monopole

HF Radar Geometry & Doppler Spectra from Range Cell 8

Bragg Waves The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Doppler Spectra from all Range Cells with Detection Threshold Applied
Fixed Objects & Direct Signals

Bragg Waves Vessel Vessel

Bragg Waves

Doppler Frequency

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

DOLPHIN
IIR Method FFT 256 Threshold 10 dB Median Method FFT 256 Threshold 11 dB

Distance (km)

Radial Velocity (m/s) Bearing (CWN )

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

MAAS TRADER

DOLPHIN

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Adjusting the Signal to Noise

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Global HF Vessel Detection Activities

5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 New York Harbor Newport News, VA Port of Miami, FL Mona Passage, PR Barrow, AK Norway

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Objective: The Littoral Expeditionary PowerBuoy (LEAP) System is established to enhance the Navys Anti-Terrorism /Force Protection (ATFP) by providing persistent afloat and port maritime surveillance in the near coast, harbors, piers and littorals worldwide. Schedule:

Littoral Expeditionary Autonomous PowerBuoy (LEAP)

Sponsor:

Prime Contractor:

Participants:

SNR 17 dB

SNR 32 dB

Monostatic Geometry at 13 MHz

Bistatic Geometry at 13 MHz

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

ittoral xpeditionary utonomous owerBuoy

Deployed August 11, 2011

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Monostatic and Bistatic Detections on the Amalthea

Amalthea MMSI: 240447000 Ship Type: Tanker Length: 247 m Breadth: 40 m

Sea Bright radar and AIS Rx

Track of Amalthea from 11:00 to 1:00 AIS data ends 20 km from receiver at Sea Bright
LEAP

Belmar radar

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Monostatic Detections from SEAB

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Zoom In

Amalthea Detections out to 20 km

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Bistatic Detections Using LEAP

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Zoom In

Amalthea Detections out to 40 km

Doubled the detection range with use of LEAP

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

2 Over the Horizon Vessel Tracking

Objective:
To demonstrate the ability of the existing U.S. SeaSonde HF radar network to strengthen maritime domain awareness and, in particular, to provide dual-use environmental monitoring and beyondthe-horizon vessel surveillance.

Sponsor:

Participants:

Schedule:

Legend
Long Range 5 MHz Medium Range 13 MHz Standard Range 25 MHz

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Bearing ()

Rad Vel (m/s)

24 hours of detection data for September 3, 2011 from the 13 MHz radar installed at Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, VA

Range (km)

13 MHz Results - BBVT

Hoegh Transporter Test Case - ASVT

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

5 MHz Results - LISL

24 hours of detection data for August 21, 2011 from the 5 MHz radar installed at Little Island Park, VA

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Hyundai Dynasty Test Case - LISL

Hyundai Dynasty detected out to ~100 km

Another vessel not seen on AIS

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

M/V Victorius: Tracking Results

M/V VICTORIOUS: GPS Track, CODAR Data, and Ship Tracker Solution with Uncertainty Ellipses

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

CIT Statistics 5 & 13 MHz

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

CIT Statistics 13 MHz

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Vessels Detected CIT Program

Site
CEDR / ASSA LISL BBVT LISL

Date

Frequency

Vessels In View of the Radar on AIS 13 42 27 17

Vessels on AIS Detected by Radar 10 (77%) 30 (71%) 23 (85%) 16 (94%)

Vessels NOT on AIS Detected by Radar 4 14 19 10

Jan 30, 2011 June 1, 2011 Aug 21, 2011 Aug 21, 2011

5 MHz 5 MHz 13 MHz 5 MHz

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Miami CSR Experiment

Sponsor:

Objective: First experiment testing the layered capability of the MDA sensors that are being evaluated within the CSR.

Participants:
IIR Background

6
Range (km)

4 3 2 1

5 7 8

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Bearing (deg CWN)

Radial Velocity (m/s)

Miami Experiment

Chong Ming

Maersk Westport

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

CSR Tropical HF Radar Testbed

Sponsor:

Objective: Development of a HF Radar testbed in the tropical low latitude region near Puerto Rico. This will allow for the measurement of the background HF band to determine its impact on vessel detection capability of the SeaSonde.

Participants:

4 days AIS traffic in the Mona Passage

AIS

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Simulation of Real Time Detection Software Operating in the Puerto Rico Testbed

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

5 HF Radar Testbed at High Latitudes

Objective: Test the capability of the SeaSonde HF Radar as a detection and surveillance sensor at high latitudes in anticipation of the polar ice cap melting and the increased usage of the Northwest Passage. Sponsor:

Participants:

Remote Power Module

AIS traffic near Barrow, AK

Northwest passage routes The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Point Barrow Detections

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

6 HF Radar Testbed at High Latitudes

Objective: Test the capability of the SeaSonde HF Radar as a detection and surveillance sensor at high latitudes in along the 21,000 km of coastline. Participants:

NOBLE
EXTENDED SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

FFI

NJHQ

Radar

AIS
Vessels

HELO

Dornier

Intelligence

MPA

SARSAT

Monostatic Coverage

Bistatic Coverage

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Current Activities

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

CSR Ship Detection Visualizer

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Watchkeeper

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

IOOS Asset Map

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Multi-Level Access and Information Sharing with Open Mongoose (MDA CONOP)
(U) Multi-Level Enclaves Provide Appropriate Level Data to Customers

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Vessel Detection Data Flow

miles km

100 200

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Bohemia AIS Track SNR>9

HF Association one HF Association two HF Association three HF Detection >20dB 20dB>= HF Detection >12dB AIS Contact
Time: 0:25:00 Distance travelled: 11.3km

7.2km

AIS Bohemia Velocity Range: 10.3KTS up to 10.4KTS. Several HF Radar detections associated by one, two and three standard deviations, Radar Characteristics: SNR>9, Distance from radar when tracked: 7.2 km
UNCLASIFIED/FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) 59

Detections Overlaid on AIS

June 11, 2012 06:00-07:00 Median Background 512 pt. FFT 14 dB SNR

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Detections Overlaid on AIS

June 11, 2012 07:00-08:00 Median Background 512 pt. FFT 14 dB SNR

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Vessels Detected June 11, 2012

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Average Hour 16 Total Vessels 11 on AIS 14 detected by HF radar

63 The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

June 11th Statistics

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Calusa Coast Test Case

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Association
Level 1 Association occurs out at the shore station and combines the multiple FFT lengths, thresholds and backgrounds for the backscatter and bistatic target files Level 2 Association occurs at the central station where the new ASCII files from each shore station that result from Level 1 Association are combined with others (backscatter as well as multi-static), to give Latitude/Longitude and x-y target velocity of the same targets as seen by multiple looks geometrically.
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Scenario 2 Association
Site 1 Monostatic Site 1 Bistatic Site 2 Monostatic

Scenario 2: Rx1Tx1 Rx2Tx2 Rx1Tx2

CENTRAL STATION/ ASSOC PROCESSOR The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

The way forward:

White Paper Submitted Summer of 2012 to the Interagency Ocean Observation Committee (IOOC) organizing the U.S. IOOS Summit
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

The way forward:

New capabilities to implement: 1) Real-time Multi-static Data RU, COS MARACOOS 2) Integrated Detection > Association > Tracking Algorithms RU, COS, AMI, FFI - MARACOOS, CaRA, AOOS, Norway 3) Product-flow to Users RU, COS, ASA - IOOS, DHS, DoD
The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Dual-Use HF Radar Transition Plan

Approach: (a) Leverage existing National HF Radar Network, (b) Improve the Resiliency, and (c) Add the automated Vessel Tracking Capability. Four Major Components: (a) HF Radar Network Upgrades - Multistatics, (b) Vessel Tracking Algorithm Refinements, (c) O&M of HF Radar Network Hardware, (d) O&M of Vessel Tracking Software.

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

2010 Summer Research Institute

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Student Highlights

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Summative Assessment
Ocean Observatories Course
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2006

Did we have an impact? Increase in Number & Scope of Research Internships

Locations: Australia, Antarctica, Svalbard, Spain, Canaries, Azores, California, Florida, New Jersey Sponsors: NSF, DHS, Alumni

# of Students

Trans-Atlantic Glider Challenge

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Years

Spring 2012 Course: >70 Students

Number of Marine Science Majors

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Selected Recent Publications

HF Radar for Surface Current Mapping: Roarty, Glenn, Kohut, Gong, Handel, Rivera, Garner, Atkinson, Brown, Jakubiak, Muglia, Haines, Seim, (2010). Operation and Application of a Regional High-Frequency Radar Network in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, Marine Technology Society Journal, V. 44, No. 6, p. 113. Kohut, Roarty, Randall-Goodwin, Glenn, Lichtenwalner (2012) Evaluation of Two Algorithms for a Network of Coastal Radars in the Mid Atlantic Bight, Ocean Dynamics, Vol. 62, p. 953-968 HF Radar for Vessel Tracking: Roarty, Lemus, Handel, Glenn, Barrick, Issacson, May-Jun, 2011. Performance Evaluation of SeaSonde High-Frequency Radar for Vessel Detection, Marine Technology Society Journal, V. 45, No. 3, p. 14-24. Education: Glenn + 27 Researches + 57 Students, Jan-Feb 2011. The Trans-Atlantic Slocum Glider Expeditions: A Catalyst for Undergraduate Participation in Ocean Science & Technology, Marine Technology Society Journal, V. 45, No. 1, p. 52-67.

International Talks Spain, Norway, Sweden, Poland, Brazil, United Kingdom, South Korea

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)