FORCE

Second Part

FRICTION

Is the force due to the natural constant resistance of motion between the contact of materials.

Ff

E.G. Air resistance Walking Car tires

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqVraQXTzE&feature=fvwrel http://9gag.com/gag/4991453

FRICTION

The friction force (f) opposes to the motion between contact surfaces and has a parallel direction to them. Depends on the roughness of the materials.

NORMAL FORCE
The normal force N is proportional to the pressure applied over the surface. But if the compression exerted on the object increases, the friction force also increases and viceversa. So:

f= N

Where is the friction coefficient, unit less.

m
W

TYPES OF FRICTIONS (INTERACTIONS)

Static Friction

Kinetic Friction

STATIC FRICTION

fs

= sN

s Friction Coefficient
Until
When

F > fs it wont?

will the Kinetic Friction will disappear?

KINETIC FRICTION
f k

= kN Friction Coefficient
will the Kinetic Friction will disappear?

k
When

BY EXPERIENCE

Which friction force greater?

fs

fk

f k

> fk s > k
Both s,k are obtained experimentally by
the contact of different materials.

The

coefficient is unitless.

STATIC AND KINETIC COEFFICIENT VALUES

Material Steel with steel Wood with wood Wood with steel Rubber with concret (dry) Rubber with concret (wet) Glass with glass Ice with ice

s
0.76 0.58 0.50 0.90 0.70 0.89 0.10

k
0.42 0.40 0.30 0.70 0.56 0.44 0.03

These values depend on the smooth of the surface, lubrication and climate.

EXAMPLE

A 200 N force is exerted on a wooden box that weights 50kg that moves at constant velocity on a wooden floor, calculate the kinetic friction coefficient.

F = 200N; m = 50kg; a= 0

fk

Fx = ma = 0 F fk = 0 (1)

(Constant Velocity)

Fy = ma = 0 N - W=0 (2)

(No movement)

From (1) F = fk = 200N From (2) N = W W = mg = 50kg * 9.8m/s2=490N

fk

= kN

k = fk / N = 200 N / 490 N = 0.408

FREE BODY DIAGRAM

Is the graphical representation of forces that are exerted over an object. (All directions) y N N

To obtain the total Force applied over the object, you need to sum all the forces in both directions (resultant force/vector). Fy = ma = ?

Fx = ma = ?

It depends on the situation to know how to solve it.

When should we use ma, 0 , or something else?

Where does W, N, F an f should be?

|
Has W is in both x and y we must get its components. If = 28 f and the mass of the object is m= 20 kg. What should be the W static friction coefficient so the object doesnt move?

N
F

If = 45, mass of the object is m= 10 kg, and the kinetic friction coefficient is k = 0.91, what force do I need to apply to obtain an acceleration of 1m/s2 over the inclined plane?

A 200N horizontal force is exerted on a block of 20kg placed on the floor. If the kinetic friction coefficient is 0.45, what is the blocks acceleration?

A 7kg box slides at a constant velocity along a horizontal surface when a 35N force is exerted at an angle of = 45 with respect to the horizon. Calculate the kinetic friction coefficient. F )

A block with a mass of 20kg is placed on a table frictionless. This block has has another block with a mass of 30 kg connected by a frictionless pulley at the other end of a chord. Calculate the acceleration and the Tension of the chord.

STATICS
Is the analysis of the equilibrium of objects. Here we will obtain a resultant force of zero. Fr = 0 This means Fx = 0 and Fy=0. Remember that when we say that Fr = 0 It could mean:
The object is at rest (Statics) The object describes a uniform linear motion (Dynamics)

FIRST EQUILIBRIUM CONDITION

An object is at translational equillibrium if the resultant of all forces exerted on it equals zero.

When two or more forces are exerted in the same point, they are called concurrent forces.

If on an object two or more forces are exerted, they produce a resultant force. If we require for the object to be in equilibrium, a force with the same magnitude and opposite direction has to be exerted. This force is called equillibrium force. Fr

PROCEDURE
a)

b) c) d)

e)

Choose a common point to determine the forces exerted on the object. Sketch a body diagram. Determine the components of all forces. Use the first condition of equillibrium to have both equations (Fx = 0 and Fy = 0). Solve the equations (Fx and Fy) to calculate the unknowns of the problem to be solved.

An object with mass of 12kg is suspended by a chord T1 it is pulled horizontally by another chord T2 and fasten to the first chord with an angle of 60 with the wall. Determine tensions T1 and T2.

T1
60 T2

An object with weight W is suspended in a frame. If the Tension is 300N with the angle of 30 respect to the horizon, determine the magnitude of the weight and the force (push) on the frame. T

30(

*le frame

A painting weight 8N and it is suspended by two cables with tensions T1 and T2 and make a 60angle respect to the horizon, as it is shown on the figure. Determine the tensions T1 and T2.
60 60