AETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION:local factors

Naila and the O axis

Introduction
Malocclusion by definition is a departure from normal occlusion Normal occlusion being defined by
Overjet of 2-3mm Overbite of 30% Lack of spacing Angles class 1 molar relationship Labiolingual crown inclination Mesiodistal crown inclination No rotations Curve of Spee is about 2-3mm

1.ODONTOGENESIS RELATED
These are as a result of aberrations in tooth development Include; Anomalies in tooth no. Anomalies in tooth size Anomalies in tooth shape

(i)Anomalies in tooth number

Hyperdontia Developmental anomaly in which extra teeth are formed Supernumerary teeth are classified as a) Accessory-morphology is diff. to that of normal series b) Supplemental teeth-morphology is similar The most common supernumerary tooth which appears in the maxillary midline is called a mesiodens Effect
Crowding Failure of eruption Displacement and/rotation

The most common supernumerary tooth which appears in the maxillary midline is called a mesiodens

Missing teeth/Hypodontia Effect

Spacing Migration of adjacent Axial inclination of adjacent

(ii)Anomalies in tooth size

Macrodontia Effect
crowding

Microdontia Effect
spacing

(iii)Anomalies in tooth shape

E.g peg lateral upper 2sspacing and migration Abnormally large cingulum on max incisors hinders normal OJ and OB Dilaceration increased MD dimension of teeth Crown aberrations leading to spacing due elg in screwdriver teeth*

Peg lateral

Really?

2.ERUPTION RELATED
These are related to eruptive patterns of teeth Include
Prolonged retention of 1 Delayed eruption of 2 Abnormal eruptive path

(i)Prolonged retention of decidous

Effects
Deflection of succadenous tooth resulting in lingual or palatal eruption impaction

(ii)Delayed eruption of permanent

Effects
Migration of adjacent Inclination of adjacent Deflection of tooth when it eventually erupts

(iii)Abnormal eruptive path

Causes?

3. TOOTH LOSS RELATED

Include
Premature loss of 1 teeth Dental caries

4.OTHERS
Abnormal labial frenum
Aberrations in the maxillary lab. Frenum result in upper midline spacing

Improper dental restorations

Overcontoured Undercontoured Proximal restorations

Ankylosis Fusion of tooth to AB, results in

Submerged teeth Migration

High frenal attachment

Pre-op Post-op

ankylosis

References
DePasquale et al. Mesiodens Preventing Eruption of a Permanent Central Incisor. Malta Medical Journal Volume 17 Issue 02 July 2005 37 Sharif S. Aetiology of Malocclusion:Local factors ppt lecture given on 4/5/2010 Photos courtesy of the Internet

Acknowledgements
Dr. Sharif for the sumptuous lecture delivered which provided an invaluable framework Sergey Brin and Larry Page for the best search engine ever, we are forever grateful The American Military for the World Wide Web Microsoft inc. for the software that has enabled this presentation to happen