AGRICULTURE

Presented by:
Waseem Ejaz(06108074)
Shahan cheema(06108051)
Fahad Ashraf(06108017)
Massab cheena(06108014)
 Agriculture :
• Agriculture is the process of
producing food, feed, fiber and other
desired products by the cultivation of
certain plants and the raising of
domesticated animals (livestock). The
practice of agriculture is also known
as farming, while scientists, inventors
and others devoted to improving
farming methods and implements are
also said to be engaged in agriculture.
 History :
• Farming is Pakistan's largest economic activity. In FY 1993,
agriculture, and small-scale forestry and fishing, contributed
25 percent of GDP and employed 48 percent of the labor
force. Agricultural products, especially cotton yarn, cotton
cloth, raw cotton, and rice, are important exports. Although
there is agricultural activity in all areas of Pakistan, most
crops are grown in the Indus River plain in Punjab and
Sindh. Considerable development and expansion of output
has occurred since the early 1960s; however, the country is
still far from realizing the large potential yield that the well-
irrigated and fertile soil from the Indus irrigation system
could produce. The floods of September 1992 showed how
vulnerable agriculture is to weather; agricultural production
dropped dramatically in FY 1993.
 Pakistan's principal
natural resources
• Pakistan's principal natural resources are
arable land and water. About 25% of
Pakistan's total land area is under
cultivation and is watered by one of the
largest irrigation systems in the world. In
fact Pakistan irrigates three times more
acres than Russia now. Agriculture
accounts for about 23% of GDP and
employs about 44% of the labor force
 Cr ops :
• The most important crops are wheat,
sugarcane, cotton, and rice, which
together account for more than 75% of
the value of total crop output.
• Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat. In
2005, Pakistan produced 21,591,400
metric tons of wheat, more than all of
Africa (20,304,585 metric tons) and nearly
as much as all of South America
(24,557,784 metric tons)
 Lives tock :
• The livestock sector contributes about half of the value
added in the agriculture sector, amounting to nearly 11
per cent of Pakistan's GDP, which is more than the crop
sector.
• The national herd consists of 24.2 million cattle, 26.3
million buffaloes, 24.9 million sheep, 56.7 million goats
and 0.8 million camels. In addition to these there is a
vibrant poultry sector in the country with more than 530
million birds produced annually. These animals produce
29.472 million tons of milk (making Pakistan the 5th
largest producer of milk in the world), 1.115 million tons
of beef, 0.740 million tons of mutton, 0.416 million tons
of poultry meat, 8.528 billion eggs, 40.2 thousand tons
of wool, 21.5 thousand tons of hair and 51.2 million
skins and hides
 Lives tock :

• In Pakistan, the world's fifth largest milk

producing country, government initiatives are
being undertaken to modernize milk
collection and to improve milk and milk
product storage capacity.
• Pakistan has also cut the use of dangerous
pesticides dramatically
 Exports :
• Pakistan is a net food exporter, except in
occasional years when its harvest is
adversely affected by droughts. Pakistan
exports rice, cotton, fish, fruits, and
vegetables and imports vegetable oil,
wheat, cotton, pulses and consumer
foods. The country is Asia's largest camel
market, second-largest apricot and ghee
market and third-largest cotton, onion and
milk market.
 Grow th and s hare of
GD P :
• The economic importance of agriculture has
declined since independence, when its share of
GDP was around 53%. The poor harvest of
1993, the government introduced agriculture
assistance policies, including increased support
prices for many agricultural commodities and
expanded availability of agricultural credit. 1993
to 1997, real growth in the agricultural sector
averaged 5.7% but has since declined to about
4%. Agricultural reforms, including increased
wheat and oilseed production
 Us e o f a gricultural
products b y dome stic
fo od in dustry :

• Much of the Pakistan's agriculture

output is utilized the country's growing
processed-food industry. The value of
processed retail food sales has grown
12 percent annually during the Nineties
and was estimated at over $1 billion in
2000
 RA NKI NG:
• Wheat (9th)
• Cotton (4th)
• Rice (8th)
• Mango (7th)
• Oranges (10th)
• Milk (5th)
• Sugarcane (4th)
• Onion (5th)
• Apricot (4th)
 Growing Seasons

• Two growing seasons:

– Kharif
– Rabi
• Kharif
– Crops: Rice, cotton, sugarcane, maze
• Rabi
– Winter
– Crops: Wheat & vegetables.
• Non seasonal crops (Cereal crops):
– Bajra, Jawar, Barley, Tobacco, Sugar beet, guar etc.
 Provincial Agriculture
Details
• There are four
provinces of Pakistan
– Punjab
– Sindh
– Balochistan
– NWFP
 Punjab
• Contributes 68% of the
country’s food grain
production
• Punjabi cotton and rice are important
cash crops for the national exchequer
• The total cultivated area in Pakistan is
estimated at 51 million acres, out of
which 39 million acres are in Punjab
• Main crops, including cotton, rice,
wheat and sugarcane.
 Sindh
• The province’s agricultural productivity
increased substantially after 1961
• Water shortage is a problem but new and
proposed water-related projects, such as the
controversial Kalabagh mega-dam and the military
government’s recently launched Thal Greater Canal
project are trying to solve it.
• The soil is plastic clay deposited by the Indus that
develops into a rich mould with water
• Wheat (2.7 million metric tonnes), cotton (2.3 million
metric tonnes), rice (1.8 million metric tonnes) and
sugarcane (16 million metric tonnes) are the most
important cash crops of Sindh, with secondary crops
including barley, gram, pulses, rape-seeds, mustard and
maize
 Balo chistan

• Only 4.6 percent of the total

land is cultivated but still
agriculture has a major share in the
province’s economy
• 60 percent of total cultivated area is dry
land agriculture, with wheat being a major
crop
• Off-season vegetables, fruits and dry-
fruits are also grown in some parts
 NWFP

• 80% of the population (directly/

indirectly dependent on farming
• The soil in NWFP is fit for
growing seed and plant varieties.
• Fruits and vegetables are produced in bulk
in the province and orchard-cultivated
areas have increased dramatically in
recent years
– The production of fruit and vegetables has
grown from 256,880 tonnes in 1985-86 to
493,041 tonnes in 1997-98
Problems faced by Agriculture
The gap between the supply and
demand of agricultural products is
widening day by day

DR. S.M.Alam
 Problem (Contd…..)
• Rapid increase in population
– Population growth rate in Pakistan @ 2.61%
• Limitation and hurdles in increasing crop
productivity per unit of land
– Low agricultural input like fertilizers
– Poor yields
– Degrading soils
– Dependence on import from developed
countries
 National Agricultural
System (NAS)
• Involve both Federal and Provincial Govt.
• Coordinating responsibility:
– The Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock
• Other Federal Institutions:
– Ministries of Science and Technology
– Ministries of Water and Power
– Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
• Provincial Departments
– Agriculture (crops), animal husbandry/livestock and
fishers
• Maximum no. of provincial research institutes
Balochistan =8 NWFP=7 Punjab=39 Sindh=10
 Problems identified by
NAS
• The yield of crops is low
– Low yield per unit area
– Low yield per acre unit
• Scarcity of
– Water
– Floods
– Water logging
– Alkalinity
– Soil erosion
• Traditional and old methods of cultivation
 Recommendations

• Research programs should include evolution of

high yield varieties showing maximum potential
for various climatic and soil conditions
• New varieties should be evolved which should
be fertilizers responsive and can grow well under
right moisture supply conditions and are
resistant to pests and disease
• Researchers should make effort to enhance
protein contents of cereals and other crops
• Water Shortage can be resolved by proper
storage plans and equipments
 Recommendations
(Contd…)
• Soil Salinity can be resolved by an
extensive drainage system as well as by
growing plant species tolerant to salinity
and oxygen deficiency stresses
• Productivity per unit area can be
increased through technological change.
• Increased crop yields is possible by:
– Improved irrigation techniques
– Use of commercial fertilizers
 Thank You for
Any Questions…..?

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