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16 October 2012
In this Presentation
Basic of Power Generation Basic information on Coal/Fuel Oil Combustion Process Boilers Power Plant Cycle Turbines Turbogenerator Transmission of Power
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Coal
Turbine Torque
Mech. Energy Loss
Heat
ASH
Loss
Chemical Energy
Thermal Energy
Kinetic Energy
Electrical Energy
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Simplified Diagram
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Why Coal?
RES 5% Nuclear 3%
Hydel 26%
Shortcomings of Coal Low Calorific Value Large quantity to be handled Produces pollutants, ash
Low cost Technology for Power Generation well developed. Easy to handle, transport, store and use
Indias Coal Reserves are estimated to be 206 billion tonnes. Present consumption is about 450 million tonnes. Cost of coal for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of coal Rs 1000/MT)is Rs 0.75. Cost of Gas for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of Gas Rs 6/SMC)is Rs 1.20.
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High CV, low VM High CV, low VM Medium CV, medium VM Medium CV, medium VM Low CV, high VM Very low CV, high VM
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Combustion of coal
Carbon, hydrogen, sulphur are sources of heat on combustion Surface moisture removed on heating during pulverization. Inherent moisture and volatiles are released at higher temperature, making coal porous and leading to char/ coke formation.
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Secondary reactions
2CO+ O2 = 2CO2 + 4347BTU/lb C + CO2= 2CO -7.25MJ/kg
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Fuel Oil
1. Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 2. LSHS (Low Sulfur Heavy stock) 3. High speed Diesel (HSD)
Oil firing is preceded by Lowering viscosity and increasing flowability on heating for better combustion(125oC) Droplet formation on atomization (by steam/ compressed air/ mechanical pressurization) Combustion initiation by High energy spark ignition
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Steam generating device for a specific purpose Capable to meet variation in load demand
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Generating heat energy Air for combustion Working fluid for steam generation, possessing heat energy
Ambient air
o
3.
A 500MW steam generator consumes about 8000 tonnes of coal every day It will be considered good, if it requires about 200 cubic meter of DM water in a day It will produce about 9500 tonnes of Carbon Dioxide every day
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Types of Boilers
Fire-Tube Boilers
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Types of Boilers
Electric Boilers
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Types of Boilers
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Bypass
Turbine
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Turbo Generator
a)
b)
Device that converts Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy. It works on the principle of Fardays Law of Electromagnetic Induction. It has two parts: Stator Rotor
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Generator Transformer
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Transmission Of Electricity
Transmission Voltages: 750KV,400KV,220KV 132KV,33KV,11KV 440V Power= Voltage X Current Loss = Current^2 X Resistance
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THANK YOU
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