SUBMITTED TO:

Er. RAHUL BANSAL EE. DEPTT.

SUBMITTED BY:
ASHISH KUMAR Roll No.-12

OVERVIEW OF SUBSTATION

INTRODUCTION
Transmission line feeding substation - 220kV AC 220kV is taken from four feeders1.) VKIA, JAIPUR 3.) BASSI-I 2.) ALWAR 4.) BASSI-II

This 220 kV is step down to 132 kV, 33kV ,11 kV and distributed to nearby areas. Number of 132 kV out going bays - 4 Number of 33 kV out going bays - 2 Number of 11 kV out going bays - 3 Area fed from substation RIICO, SHIV VILAS, KUKAS, DHAND etc.

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 220 KV G.S.S.

ELEMENTS OF A SUBSTATION
1. Transformer 2. Circuit Breaker 3. Insulator 4. Current transformer 5. Potential transformer 6. Isolator 7. Control panel 8. Lightning Arresters 9. Wave trap 10. Battery Bank

TRANSFORMER

It is a static device.
It transfers power from one circuit to another circuit without change in frequency. Brief specification of a transformer
3 No. 2 No. 1 No. 1 No. 100 MVA 25 MVA 10 MVA 250 KVA 220/132 KV 132/33 KV 33/11 KV 33/.4 KV 3 Phase power transformer 3 Phase power transformer 3 Phase power transformer 3 Phase power transformer

220/132 KV 100MVA TRANSFORMER AT KUKAS

CONSERVATOR BUCHHOLZ RELAY
LV BUSHINGS HV BUSHINGS

RADIATOR TRANSFORMER TANK

TRANSFORMER TANK
Whole assembly of a transformer is placed in a metal sheet tank Assembly of the transformer is immersed in an oil which act as an insulator as well as coolant The main tank body including tap changing compartment and radiators

BREATHER
SILICA GEL (DRY)

The silica gel column, which absorbs the moisture in air before it enters the conservator air surface. Oil is used to trap the dust particles from air.

OIL

CONSERVATOR
A cylindrical shaped air tight metal drum placed on a transformer tank It provide cooling to transformer It provide insulation between transformer windings

BUCHHOLZ RELAY
It gives an alarm to the operator if there is any fault in transformer.

If fault continues the relay will trip the main circuit breaker to protect the transformer. It works during: Short-circuited core laminations Bad contacts Overheating of some part of the windings Short-circuits between phases

RADIATOR
Radiator

Radiator are used in transformers to cool the transformer oil Normally ONAN & ONAF is used for cooling in KUKAS It has small fins

METHODS OF COOLING OF TRANSFORMER

FOUR TYPES-

Oil natural air natural (ONAN) Oil natural air forced (ONAF) Oil forced air natural (OFAN) Oil forced air forced (OFAF)

CIRCUIT BREAKER
An automatically operated switch.

Protect an electrical circuit from overload and short circuit.

It is an on load device. Types of breakers
220kV, 132kV - SF6 gas circuit breaker 33kV , 11kV - Oil circuit breaker

Classified as: Low voltage circuit breaker High voltage circuit breaker
Miniature circuit breaker ( An example of low voltage circuit breaker)

GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER (SF6)

Have excellent dielectric and arc quenching properties Excellent thermal stability SF6 circuit breaker is more

efficient and reliable

SF6 ( Sulphur Hexafluoride) circuit breaker at 220 kV side in Kukas

INSULATOR
Necessary clearance against high voltage is provided Mechanical strength is provided to the conductor Glass & porcelain is used for its manufacturing

CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Are used to step down the current for : Measurement Protection Control Isolates the measuring instrument from high voltage circuit Used in metering and protective relays

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
Are used to step down the voltage for: Measurement Protection Control Allows protective relay equipment and measuring instruments to be operated at a lower voltages.

ISOLATOR
Used to completely deenergise the circuit for service or maintenance. An isolator is an offload device.

CONTROL PANEL
Control panels contain meters, control switches and recorders. Used to open or shut down the circuits. Used to control the substation equipment.

LIGHTNING ARRESTORS
It is a device used to protect the electric system from damaging effects of lightning.
Provides a low resistance path for the surge current. This surge current diverted around the protected insulation to earth.

WAVE TRAP
connected in series with the power transmission line It blocks carrier waves (24 kHz to 500 kHz) on line It allows power waves (50-60 Hz) to pass through it

BATTERY BANK
Dc supply is necessary for the operation of the relays and control panel The battery bank used in this substation is of 220V 110 cells is connected in series each of 2V

ANY QUERIES?