Programming Language (JAVA)

Unit 6.1 Basics of Java

Presentation 1

Objectives
At the end of this presentation, you will be able to: Describe the evolution and architecture of Java Describe the basic concepts of object oriented programming Explain the features of Java List the differences between C++ and Java Describe the types of Java programs Describe the tools available in Java Developer Kit Write a simple Java program

Introduction to Java

Is a object oriented programming (OOP) language.

Is simple and easy to understand.

Runs on a wide variety of operating environments.

Is a powerful and popular language to develop Internet applications.

History of Java
Year 1990 History C++ was found not fit to control electronic devices. So research for a new programming language started. 1991-92 A new programming language OAK was found. Later renamed as JAVA. 1993-94 Java became a perfect language to develop Internet-based applications 1995 Sun Microsystems introduced Javaenabled Web browser Hot Java.

Java Architecture

Java is platform-independent as it can run on a wide variety of computers using different OS.
There are four important components in Java architecture:

Java Source Code Java Compiler Java Byte code (Object code) Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Java Architecture - Components

The components can be explained as follows:

Java Source Code - Program written in the form of text using Java.
Java Compiler - Used to convert source code into binary program that consists of byte code. It creates .class file. Java Byte Code (Object code) - Byte code is a set of instructions that are machine-independent. Executed by JVM. Java Virtual Machine (JVM) - Is a Java runtime system. Converts the bytecode in .class file to machine language.

Object-Oriented Approach

Java supports object-oriented approach.

This approach helps to organize complex programs easily.

Java implements the real life aspects in programming.

Classes and Objects

Classes and objects are building blocks of OOP approach.

Class - A class is a template or blueprint to create an object. Object - Is an instance of a class. Characteristics of real world object are variables or data members in a class. Behaviour of objects are called as methods or member functions of a class.

Features of OOP

Data Abstraction - Refers to the concept of representing only the essential features of a data without including the non-essential details. Encapsulation - Refers to the mechanism of wrapping up of data and methods (that operate on the data) into a single unit (class). Inheritance - Refers to the concept by which one class derives the properties of another class. Polymorphism - Refers to the response (output) of each object differently for the same input.

Features in Java

Features of Java (Contd)

Simple - Java is easy to learn and use.

Object-Oriented - This approach to design programs very close to the real world. Platform-Independent - Java programs written in one environment can run on all other environments. Portable - Feature of bytecode and basic data types in Java makes it compatible with all systems.

Features of Java (Contd)

Distributed - Java is powerful language to share and access data across the net.
Robust - Java programs are reliable. Early checking and dynamic checking during runtime, mostly eliminates situations that cause errors. Secure - Java is a highly secure programming language.

Multi-threaded - This concept enables Java programs to handle many tasks simultaneously.

C++ and Java Comparison

Compilation model of C++ and Java.

C++ and Java Comparison (Contd..)

C++
Supports ASCII char set.

Java
Supports Unicode char set.

Supports pointers, structures, Does not support pointers, complex functions concepts. structures and complex functions concepts. Supports multiple inheritance. Does not support multiple inheritance. It can be supported through interface feature.

Types of Java Program

The two types of Java programs are:

Application Programs Application programs are the stand-alone programs, which can execute from the command prompt.

Applet Programs

Applet programs are the Internet based programs, which can run in a Web-browser.

Java Tools

The tools available in Java Development Kit (JDK) are:

Compiler - javac is the Java compiler. It converts

the source code to .class file with bytecode.

Interpreter - Java interpreter java is used to translate the bytecode to machine language code.

Applet Viewer - It is a tool used to view the applet programs created in Java.

Hands On!
This program enables you to understand how to write simple Java programs.

Step 1: Open Notepad and type the following code: /*A simple program to display welcome*/ class Greeting { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println("welcome"); } }

Hands On! (Contd)

Step 2:Choose File Save in Notepad. The Save As dialog box appears on the screen. In the File name text box, give the filename as Greeting.java within double quotes. Step 3:Compile the Greeting.java file using javac. Type javac Greeting.java at the command prompt. Step 4:Run the program by typing java Greeting at the command prompt.

Structure of Simple Java Program

A Java program consists of two main parts: a class definition and the main method. Consider the following sample Java program /* comment entry*/ class <class_name> { public static void main (String args[ ]) { statements; } }

Activity 6.1.1 (a)

Step 1:Open sample1.java data file.
Step 2: Run and observe the output. Step3: Add a print statement System.out.println(Hello friends); in line 6. Step 4: Save the file.

Step 5: Compile and execute it.

Activity 6.1.1 (b)

Step 1: Open sample2.java data file. Step2: Edit code line 5 as System.out.println("welcome");. Step 3: Save the program. Step 4: Run and observe the output.

Activity 6.1.1 (c)

Step 1:Open sample3.java data file. Step 2:Identify the appropriate bracket to be used and fill the code lines 2, 4, 6 and 7. Step 3:Save the program.
Step 4: Run and observe the output.

Activity 6.1.1 (d)

Step 1:Open sample4.java data file. Step 2: Identify the error in code line 3 and modify the program. Step 3: Save the program.
Step 4: Run and observe the output.

Activity 6.1.1 (e)

Step1: Open sample5.java data file. Step 2: Identify the missing statement in code line 3 and modify the program. Step 3: Save the program. Step 4: Run and observe the output.

Lab Exercise
1. Write a Java program to display the following information:
My Name: <Your name> My Favorite Subject: <Favorite subject> My Friends name: <Friends name>

Do the following activities:

Compile the program (using javac command) Run the program (using java command)

Lab Exercise
2. Display the following car details using a Java program:
Car Number 1 2 Car Name Proton ISWARA Perodua KEMBARA

Lab Exercise
3. Create a Java program to display the No, Name, Age and Weight of students No. Name
1 2 Rubia Jonnie

Age Gender Weight

27 26 Female Male 40 55

Lab Exercise
4. Write a Java program to display the list of drinks.
Energy Drink Cola Fresh Orange juice Barley Water

Summary
In this presentation, you learnt the following: Java is a object oriented programming (OOP) language. Java is found to be powerful for Internet applications.

Java is platform-independent as it can run on wide variety of computers using different OS. Java compiler, javac converts source code of Java to the .class file with byte code.

Summary
In this presentation, you learnt the following:

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is Java runtime environment that converts bytecode to machine language. Classes and objects are building blocks of OOP approach.

A class is a template or blueprint to create an object.

An object Is an instance of a class.

Summary
In this presentation, you learnt the following: A Java program consists of two main parts; a class definition and the main method. The two types of Java program are Application and Applets. The JDK tools are Compiler, Interpreter and Applet Viewer. A Java program consists of two main parts; a class definition and the main method.

Assignment
1. What is bytecode? 2. What is Java Virtual Machine? 3. What are the tools available in Java Developers Kit. 4. List the two main parts of Java program. 5. Write a simple Java program to display the message Java is a OOP language and execute it.