Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Submitted By
Rakesh Kumawat
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION : RAWATBHATA, KOTA
SOURCE OF WATER:
FUEL TYPE :
SOURCE OF FUEL :
The station consists of SIX reactors (RAPS 1&2) -100MWe & 200MWe, (RAPS 3&4) - 235MWe each (RAPS 5 & 6) - 235MWe each & (RAPS 7&8) - 700MWe each are under construction.
Year of construction Unit 1 - Aug,1972 Unit 2 -Apirl,1981. RAPS 3&4 - 1999 RAPS 5&6 - 2009 RAPS 7&8 - by 2016.
UNIT-1&2
UNIT-3&4
WHY NUCLEAR?
Reserves of fossil fuels like coal, oil, etc. are depleting very fast. Cheapest non-hydro electric power source in India. Fuel requirement is small as compared to thermal power plant. 1kg of U-235 gives energy equivalent to 3000 tonnes of high grade coal.
FUSION
Process of formation of heavier nuclei due to bombardment of high energy lighter nuclei.
FUSION REACTION
NUCLEAR FISSION
Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei when bombarded by neutrons. This results into emission of free neutrons, , two or more lighter nuclei with kinetic energy and gamma radiation. These released neutrons may be absorbed by other fissile material to constitute a chain reaction. NEUTRONS are most suitable for fission. Chain reaction is controlled in a nuclear reactor to produce energy.
NUCLEAR REACTOR
A apparatus in which nuclear reactions are initiated, controlled and sustained at a steady rate. It consists of Calandria (HEART of the reactor) Nuclear fuel (U-235) bundles Moderator and Coolant Control Rods
CALANDRIA
HEART of the reactor.
Contains fuel and moderator.
NUCLEAR FUEL
Fuel used is natural Uranium dioxide (UO2). Having low content of fissile material (0.72 % Uranium-235) Half life of Uranium-235 is 7.04 x 108 years. Nuclear fuels are inserted to reactor core in form of fuel bundles.
This is a system, which circulates pressurized coolant through the fuel channels to remove the heat generated in fuel and to obtain high pressurised steam.
CONTROL RODS
Control rods are used to control nuclear fission rate by absorbing the neutrons. Without this the reactor will be a ATOMIC BOMB.
Material used in RAPP as control rods is Cobalt-59 (a isotope of Cobalt) Reaction involved in reactor with control rods is: Half life of Cobalt-60 is 5.27 years. Natural Decay of Cobalt-60 emits -particle : 0.31 MeV -ray : 1.17 MeV -ray : 1.33 MeV
STEAM TURBINE
A steam turbine converts heat energy of steam into mechanical energy and drives the generator. Standard speed of steam turbine is 3000 rpm.
Hydraulic mechanism is used to maintain turbine speed constant when load changes.
GENERATOR
It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. In India, generator works at 50 Hz. Output of generator is delivered through transformers to different places.
Heavy water moderator is maintained at standard atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of about 70C. Heavy water coolant is maintained at 78 atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of about 300C.
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT Operation of a nuclear power plant leads to the production of radioactive wastes. Nuclear power plants are surrounded by a protective zone to minimize the risk of radiation. These are divided into 3 categories:1. Solid radioactive waste 2. Liquid radioactive waste 3. Gaseous radioactive waste
FIRE SECTION
BEST EXTINGUISER
Soda, acid, water
Oil,paints,grease,disel,petrol
Foam, co2
Co2
Co2
Electrical fire
Co2
CONTROL ROOM
Measurement of internal contamination due to gamma emitting radio nuclides by whole body counting of RAPS radiation workers. Measurement of direct radiation exposure using environmental thermo luminescent dosimeters. Monitoring of effluents from RAPS & HWP(K).
Measurement of sulphide concentration in ambient air and water samples collected around HWP(K).
Monitoring of drinking water quality and sewage effluent samples for public health criteria. Special monitoring of rawatbhata site during emergency situation
(2)
The index of radiological impact on population is indicated by the radiation dose received by the members of public during their life time due to intake of radio nuclides through food, water and air.
International commission on radiological protection has set annual dose limit of 1000 micro sievert for members of public from man made sources. The same has been endorsed by Indian Atomic Energy Regulatory Board.
THANK YOU
QUERIES??