Absolute Standardization and

Calibration of Gamma Rays Irregular-

Shape Sources Measured by Gamma

A seminar
prepared by:
Mohamed El-
Sayed Krar
Outlines
q Applications of gamma Camera

q Types of Gamma Camera

q Treatment of Array type Gamma Camera

q Treatment of thin cylinderiacl Gamma Camera

vSPECT (single photon emission computed tomography)

Philips FORTE™

vPET (positron emission tomography)

Toshiba XVision

vCT (Computed Tomography)

Siemens ECAT EXACT
 Array of Detectors

Thin Cylindrical Crystal

 Depth ( D
)

Width ( W )

L1

W1

Length ( L
)

Separation (Sep)

Where,
 P(α, β, h) The equation of straight line passing by an
X-Axis
arbitrary point (α,β, h) and have a direction
defined by the polar coordinate (θ,Φ).

Depth (D)
Y-Axis

Width (W) Where Const’s and Slope’s are constant values

Length (L)
, determined by the choice of the arbitrary point
and the direction of the photon beam.
( θ, Φ )

Z-Axis
Y-Axis

(2,1) (2,2) (n,m)

n,m

(1,2)
1,2 (1,2)
1,2
X-Axis
X=0 X = 2(L1+Sep)
X = L1+Sep X = 3(L1+Sep)

Y-
Axis

Z-
Axis

X-Axis
Four possible point of intersection for the (m,n) Detector

► With the left side ► With the right side

► With the down side ► With the up side

 Where,

And

And ΔZ(1st) and ΔZ(2nd ) and ΔZ( inactive) determined according to

the values of intersection shown in the previous slide
P (α,β,h) X-Axis

Y-Axis

Depth (L)

Z-side

Z- Axis

Diameter (2R)
qThe equation of a cylinder of radius (R) is given by :

qThe equation of straight line passing by an arbitrary point (α,β, h) and

have a direction defined by the polar coordinate (θ,Φ) :

qThe photon enter the camera at the top at the point :

qThe photon path may be through the base or the side

1. Through Base  :

Where ,

2. Through Side :
 Where,

1. Through Base  :

2. Through Side :
 Thanks
for your attention