GROUP 4

PRINCIPLES
OF ANEROID BAROMETER

 Aneroid barometer is an
instrument measuring atmospheric pressure invented by French scientist Lucien

Vidie . It is constructed on the

following principles:

 have elastic properties of a metal.

In the form of a corrugated capsule. By means of linkage system, its movement can be magnified which a moving pointer shows.

The pointer rotates over a dial graduated in hectopascals(the unit in computing atmospheric pressure).

Parts of an Aneroid Barometer

Principles of Mercurial Barometer

 A mercury barometer has a glass tube with a height of at least 84 cm, closed at one end, with an open mercuryfilled reservoir at the base. Invented by Evangelista Toricilli The weight of the mercury creates a vacuum in the top of the tube. Mercury in the tube adjusts until the weight of the mercury column balances the atmospheric force exerted on the reservoir.

 High atmospheric pressure places more force on the reservoir, forcing mercury higher in the column. Low pressure allows the mercury to drop to a lower level in the column by lowering the force placed on the reservoir. Since higher temperature at the instrument will reduce the density of the mercury, the scale for reading the height of the mercury is adjusted to compensate for this effect.

DISTINGUISH THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE READING OF ANEROID BAROMETER AND TEMPERATURE READING.

 To read your barometer, first tap the glass lightly, but firmly, to ensure that the linkage mechanism is not sticking.

The hectopascal is the international meteorological unit of pressure. One hectopascal is exactly equal to one millibar, the unit of pressure mainly used for barometer scales before 1986.

 The other hand that is found on most instruments is the 'set pointer' (usually brass). This can be turned by means of the knob at the centre of the glass so that it covers the reading pointer. In this way you can tell, next time you check your barometer, whether the pressure is now lower or higher and by how much.

STATE THE FUNCTIONS OF HYGROMETER AND EXPLAIN THEIR BASIC PRINCIPLES

Hygrometer
Instrument used in finding the Dew - point temperature . It is always accompanied by a table which shows the difference in dew point between the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature

 Example :
Dry bulb temperature (t) = 20.8C Wet bulb temperature (t) = 19.4C

Calculations: you get t-t = 1.4 and t=19.4. In the table, you can find:
Dew point temperature = 19.0 for t-t-1.0 and t-19.5(the nearest value for 19.4) Dew point temperature = 18.8 for t-t= 1.5 and t = 19.5. then make the interpolation to get the dew-point temperature for t-t = 1.4 and t = 19.5

19.0+ (18.8-19.0)(1.4-1.0)/(1.5-1.0) = 18.8 Finally , make the interpolation to get the dew point temperature for t-t = 1.4 and t = 19.4 assuming the variance of t is approximately the same with 18.8 0.1 = 19.7C