What is a scandal?

Scandal an event or action that causes public outrage or censure

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. ECONOMIC SCANDALS
a) b) c) Teapot Dome Credit Mobiller Whiskey Ring

2. POLITCAL SCANDALS
a) b) Watergate Iran-Contra

3. SOCIAL SCANDALS
a) b) c) d) e) Grover Cleveland Scandal Monroe scandal Mob scandal Monica Lewinsky Scandal Geniffer Flowers Scandal

Warren G. Harding

Was the 29th president of the United States Born in 1865 in the state of Ohio Served from 1921-1923 Democrat

Teapot Dome
Teapot dome was a naval oil field in Wyoming Field was reserved from the earlier presidents Oil was to be used only when the navys regular supplies ran out Hardings Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall sold the rights to oil companies for personal profit Scandal didnt affect Hardings presidency because he died before it became public knowledge Investigation group got together to put together what really happened and what was legal and illegal Found out that giving the rights to an oil company was legal but the money he got for it was illegal In 1929 Albert Fall was found guilty of bribery. He was fined $100,000 and he was put in prison for one year

Ulysses S. Grant

Was the 18th president of the United States Born in 1822 in the state of Ohio Served in office from 1869-1877 Republican

Credit Mobiller
Occurred in 1864 when when the construction company Credit Mobilier was stealing from the Union Pacific Railway They hired and paid themselves to build the railroad line Head of the company was Oakes Ames Company owners got a loan from the government for the construction of the railroad but instead, they used that money to benefit their company, so the stockholders would get huge profits Was released and investigated publicly in 1873 To cover up this fraud, the company would try to sell stocks to Congress members at a discounted price One of the Congress members who bought a share was Ulysses Grants Vice President, Schuyler Colfax

 Congress members who bought a discounted share were the same people who voted in favour of the government to pay for the charges for the construction company Public found out about this scandal through The Sun Was a newspaper against the re-election of then President, Ulysses Simpson Grant After a Congressional and a federal investigation, they found out that the Credit Mobilier had given shares to more than thirty Congress members on both political parties Grant wasnt involved but it negatively affected his political reputation Government lost $20 million from this fraud No prosecutions

Whiskey Ring
After the Civil War, liquor taxes were raised to help pay the cost of fighting In 1874, it was publicly revealed that American liquor companies were bribing government employees, who were appointed by Grant Was costing the government millions of dollars because the government employees werent paying the taxes at full rate People believed that the Whiskey Ring was a plan to finance the Republican Party through fraud and President Grant was part of the plan

 Grant was determined to have everyone involved in the Whiskey Ring scandal punished once he found out that his personal secretary Orville E. Babcock was also involved in this scandal he did not do anything about this fraud didnt punish his secretary; he excused her from any punishment After the Secretary of the Treasury Benjamin Bristow got secret investigators for this scandal, he arrested people who were involved in the bribing they recovered $3 million in taxes and 238 people were charged of being involved with 110 of them declared guilty

Richard M. Nixon

Was the 37th president of The United States of America Born in 1913 in California Served from 1969- 1974 Republican

Watergate
Occurred in 1972 Named after location where it occurred June 1972- 5 men arrested for breaking into Democratic National Committee H.Q Tried to steal campaign information and install wire taps

What did this have to do with the Whitehouse?

All 5 men were Nixon supporters One of the 5 had worked for the CIA, he was also in charge of Nixons re-election committee Another of the 5 had Whitehouse employees phone numbers in his notebook One was part of a Whitehouse special organization unit to prevent leak of confidential information to media (unit also was against democrats)

Nixons Attempted Cover-up

Staff destroyed information and lied to investigators Tried to stop a FBI investigation by getting CIA to support it being obstructive to a CIA investigation Nixon publicly announced that no one in his administration was involved in the crime He paid people to keep quiet with hush money Told supporters to plead the 5th in court to stall investigation Due to rising suspicion senate voted to investigate

 Many of Nixons staff that were involved became implicated once others who were charged tried to avoid heavy sentences and co operate with officials Most abandoned the cover-up and word got out that Nixon recorded conversations Court ordered the release of the tapes as evidence Nixon tried to refuse claiming executive privilege When U S Court of Appeals refused he tried to use other tactics to get his way He tried to get the prosecution lawyer fired

 Congress had been told prosecution would be free to pursue the case but Nixon wouldnt stop until he got his way This caused congress to start impeachment process Nixon handed in edited versions of the tapes with gaps He refused to give the rest claiming executive privilege again Supreme Court voted 8-0 to make him hand over the rest of the tapes

Road To Impeachment
All evidence against Nixon was given to House Judiciary Committee to be looked over in a impeachment investigation By July 1973 the House had evaluated 5 articles of impeachment When the tape of a conversation where Nixon expressed trying to stop the FBI investigation it was the last straw Knowing he would be impeached, Nixon chose to resign august 8th 1974

Ronald Regan

40th president of the United States Born in 1911 in the state of Illinois Served from the year 1981- 1989 Republican

Iran- Contra Affair

Began in 1985 and ended in 1992 Dealt with America and its foreign affairs Seven Americans were held hostage in Lebanon by terrorists Iran was an enemy of the USA To get hostages back Reagan's administration sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the people Decision was never approved by congress

The Two Deals and the Funding

First deal took place in July 1985 America sent 508 TOW anti tank missiles to Israel to Iran In return one hostage was sent back Since trade was successful American government tried again in November 1985 America sent 500 Hawk surface to air missiles to Iran in exchange for all the rest of the people America gained millions from this weapon sale This money was sent to fund the Contra guerrilla fighters in Nicaragua

 Scandal was not public knowledge until 1986 Lebanese magazines published articles which exposed the deals Congress issued a report in November 1987 to find out who was responicable Prosecutor was hired to examine the deals and funding President Reagan created a review board led by John Tower Tower stated that Reagan didnt know about the funding and it wasnt his fault

Word Gets Out

 The National Security Council undoubtedly knew about the deals The hearings surrounded the case aired on TV from May to August 1987 Top rank military and government officials were questioned In court it was determined that Poindexter knew and authorized the deals/ funding and didnt inform the president he was convicted of five counts of deceiving congress and he got 6 years in prison Years later President Bush Sr. later issued a presidential pardon to all those involved

Grover Cleveland

Was the 22nd president of the United States Born in 1837 in the state of New Jersey Served from 1885- 1889 and later from 1893- 1897 Democrat

Clevelands Sex Scandal

At the time it was over looked by Americans Occurred in 1873 when Cleveland ran into Maria Halpin, he had been courting her and asked her to dinner Maria stated that it all went well until he escorted her to her room She said that he sexually assaulted her and used abusive force She wanted to tell authorities but he threatened her She became pregnant and he ordered for the child to be taken and put into an orphanage and for Maria to be placed into an asylum

 She was later released and pronounced sane The baby was never seen again When he was named president the media exposed the scandal He lied about what happened making a false campaign which made Halpin seem like a drunk who was a whore He did this to gain public support and make Americans believe he took responsibility for the child by paying for him to be placed into an orphanage

John F. Kennedy

Was the 35th president of the United States Born in 1917 in the state of Massachusetts Served from 1961- 1963 before he was assassinated Democratic

Monroe Scandal
On Kennedys 45th birthday Marilyn Monroe preformed a happy birthday act Decades later a photograph of President Kennedy, Marilyn and his brother Robert F. Kennedy was found Many photos were taken of that night but none were released at the time because the Whitehouse photographer was Jackie Kennedys close friend and didnt want to upset her The photo was later sold to a film maker and shortly after President Kennedy, Marilyn, and Robert died

Mob Scandal
Scandal began in 1962 Kennedy was introduced to Judith Campbell Exner by Frank Sinatra He began to have an affair with her spending most of his free time seeing her She was also having an affair with a man named Sam Flood who she later found out was Chicago mobster Sam Giancana Due to Judith's mob connections the scandal was made public by the media in 1975 When questioned she did state that she had an affair with Kennedy but she wouldnt admit to the relationship with Sam Giancana

William Clinton

Was the 42nd president of the United States Born in 1946 in the state of Arkansas Served from 1993-2001 Democratic

Monica Lewinsky Scandal

Scandal occurred in 1995 during his 3rd year as president Clinton began to have an affair with a young intern at the Whitehouse Monica confided in a co-worker and this untrustworthy friend went straight to the press At first Clinton denied everything and his wife stood by him, people lied for him when they were under oath in federal court Afterwards he confessed to the affair In 1998 articles on impeachment were brought to Clinton after a 21 day trial He was later acquitted and completed his second term

Geniffer Flowers Scandal

In 1992 about to be president Bill Clinton could have been brought down by the claims of Geniffer Flowers She claimed they had a 12 year affair, media covered all of her claims and Clinton went on television to publically announce that this was not the case 6 years later in 1998 Flowers once again brought up the scandal She used a tape she had secretly recorded stating she needed to sell her story because she had currently had financial problems This public scandal made Mr. and Mrs. Clinton admit that they in fact were having relationship problems