TRANSFORMATION OF GRID(MESH)

Presented by:SAURAV SUMAN Submitted to:Dr. VARUN

Department of Mechanical Engineering NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HAMIRPUR

Click to edit Master subtitle style

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CONTENT:

Introduction Types of meshes(grids) Grid generation process

o

Conformal mapping Algebraic mapping PDE methods

Grid generation technique Structured meshing Unstructured meshing

o

Advance fronting method method

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o Quadtree 11/25/12

INTRODUCTION

Why we mesh any product?

CAD(continuous Model) Mesh(discrete Model)

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Type of mesh (Element type)

2-Dimensional

Triangles, Quadrilateral

3-Dimensional

Tetrahedral, Hexahedral, Prism, pyramid

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Types of mesh (Arrangement)

Structured (Regular)
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Interior nodes attached to same number of elements. Several Techniques can be used to map a computational domain into a physical domain: Transfinite Interpolation, Morphing, PDE Based etc.

Unstructured (Irregular)
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Interior nodes attached to variable number of elements. Three main techniques are available to generate automatically triangle (tetrahedra): Delaunay triangulation, Advancing front, Octree.

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Grid generation process

Grid generation is the process of determining the coordinate transformation that maps the body-fitted non-uniform non-orthogonal physical space x,y,z,t into the transformed uniform orthogonal computational space ,,,. Types of grid generation process:1.

Conformal Mapping: based on complex variable theory, which is limited to two dimensions. Algebraic methods:
i. ii.

2.

1D: polynomials, trigonometric functions, logarithmic functions. 2D: Orthogonal one-dimensional transformation, functions. connection

1.

Differential equation methods: Step 1: Determine the grid point distribution on the boundaries of the physical space.

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Step 2: Assume the interior grid point is specified by a differential

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Conformal Mapping

Any function = f(z) such that,

0 defines a one-to-one (conformal)

mapping between z = x+iy and =+i, or between (x,y) and (,).

Lead to high quality grids, preserve ratios. Limited to 2D. Some of conformal mapping transformations as Jukoswki, SchwazCristoffel mapping etc.

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Algebraic Mapping

Construct a mapping between the boundaries of the unit square (cube) and the boundaries of an arbitrary region which is topologically equivalent. Combine 1D interpolants using boolean sums to construct mapping Transfinite Interpolation (TFI). Very fast Quite General Not guaranteed to one-by-one

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Differential equation method

Construct mapping by solving a PDE

Elliptic equations (smooth grids)

Hyperbolic equations (orthogonal grids)

Most widely used approach Grids usually have high quality

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Grid generation techniques

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Structured meshing

Construct a one-to-one mapping between a rectangular computational domain and a physical domain

O-grid

C-grid

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H-grid

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Unstructured meshing

Advance fronting method

- Place nodes around boundary - Loop through all edges on front - Create triangle, check radius around optimal nodes for front - If choice between multiple nodes, chose best quality element, continue until finish

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Quadtree (Octree) method

Build quadtree to resolve geometry

Add nodes to intersection of 2 quadtree lines and boundry to quadtree line

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Mesh structure using nodes with triangles

Final mesh

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Delaunay triangulation

No other vertex is contained within the circumcircle of any triangle

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Delaunay-Interior nodes

Begin with bounding triangles

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Grid based nodes introduced based on a regular lattice

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Hybrid mesh

Hybrid meshes contain

Structured/Cartesian Parts Unstructured Parts

Hybrid meshes are often used in CFD, especially for boundary layer meshes

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THANK YOU

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