Computer Graphics

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

Hardware
(Display Technologies and Devices) III

August 1, 2012

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

Display Devices and Technologies

1. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) 2. LCD , TFT LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, Thin Film Transistor LCD) 3. PLASMA 4. OLED (Organic Light-emitting Diode) 5. FED (Field Emissive Display) 6. SED (Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display) 7. IMOD (Interferometric Modulator) 8. EL (Electroluminescent display) 9. Electronic Paper 10.Surface Technology 11.Wall Displays 12.Holographic Displays 13.3D Displays With and Without Glasses 14.No-Touch Displays (hand movements)

August 1, 2012

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

Basics of LCD Display

August 1, 2012

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

LCD Display

August 1, 2012

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

LCD Display & TFT Technology

A TFT monitor uses thin-film transistor technology for the ultimate LCD display. The benefit of a TFT monitor is a separate, tiny transistor for each pixel on the display. Because each transistor is so small, the amount of charge needed to control it is also small. This allows for very fast re-drawing of the display, as the image is re-painted or refreshed several times per second.

August 1, 2012

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

Pros & Cons

Drawbacks of LCD Display
Narrow viewing angle Fragile Fixed resolution and aspect ratio. Longer response time Lower contrast Cost is high Less power consumption Small weight Less glare no flicker and bright Images not distorted

Advantages of LCD:

August 1, 2012

Hardware III Plasma Display

Computer Graphics
Gas Plasma Discharge Principle

August 1, 2012

Hardware III Plasma Display

Inside the Display: Gas and Electrodes The xenon and neon gas in a plasma display is contained in hundreds of thousands of tiny cells positioned between two plates of glass. Long electrodes are also sandwiched between the glass plates, on both sides of the cells. The address electrodes sit behind the cells, along the rear glass plate.

Computer Graphics

August 1, 2012

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

The transparent display electrodes, which are surrounded by an insulating dielectric material and covered by a magnesium oxide protective layer, are mounted above the cell, along the front glass plate. Both sets of electrodes extend across the entire screen. The display electrodes are arranged in horizontal rows along the screen and the address electrodes are arranged in vertical columns. As you can see in the diagram below, the vertical and horizontal electrodes form a basic grid. To ionize the gas in a particular cell, the plasma display's computer charges the electrodes that intersect at that cell. It does this thousands of times in a small fraction of a second, charging each cell in turn. When the intersecting electrodes are charged (with a voltage difference between them), an electric current flows through the gas in the cell. As we saw in the last section, the current creates a rapid flow of charged particles, which stimulates the gas atoms to release ultraviolet photons.

August 1, 2012

10

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

Plasma Display

August 1, 2012

11

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

Phosphors: ZnS:Ag, Y3Al5O12:Ce, and Y2SiO5:Ce. ZnO, Cd:ZnS, Y2O2S:Eu The released ultraviolet photons interact with phosphor material coated on the inside wall of the cell. Phosphors are substances that give off light when they are exposed to other light. When an ultraviolet photon hits a phosphor atom in the cell, one of the phosphor's electrons jumps to a higher energy level and the atom heats up. When the electron falls back to its normal level, it releases energy in the form of a visible light photon. The phosphors in a plasma display give off colored light when they are excited. Every pixel is made up of three separate subpixel cells, each with different colored phosphors. One subpixel has a red light phosphor, one subpixel has a green light phosphor and one subpixel has a blue light phosphor. These colors blend together to create the overall color of the pixel. By varying the pulses of current flowing through the different cells, the control system can increase or decrease the intensity of each subpixel color to create hundreds of different combinations of red, green and blue. In this way, the control system can produce colors across the entire spectrum.
August 1, 2012 12

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

Pros & Cons

Drawbacks of Plasma:
Phosphor burn-in (overdrive) Power consumption and heat dissipation Pixel pitch is coarse (.8mm - 1 mm)

Advantages of Plasma:
Wider viewing angles (160 degrees H&V) Saturated colors, lower gray levels Faster video switch times (full motion 60 Hz)

August 1, 2012

13

Hardware III

Computer Graphics

End
Hardware III

August 1, 2012

14