Principios Basicos de Resonancia Magntica

Resonancia Magntica y Tomografa

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 1

MR Principios Contenido

INTRODUCCION RESONANCIA MAGNETICA NUCLEAR GENERACION DE SEAL DE RM TIEMPOS DE RELAJACION T1 Y T2 IMAGEN RESONANCIA MAGNETICA

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Magnetic Resonance Nuclei, protons and spins

Norte +

Sur -

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Magnetic Resonance Nuclei, protons and spins

ATOM
nucleus electron negative charged

proton

proton positive charged

neutron no charge

HYDROGEN ATOM

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Magnetic Resonance Nuclei, protons and spins

spin

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Magnetic Resonance Many protons

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Magnetic Resonance Many protons

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Magnetic Resonance
Nuclei in a magnetic field
Z

Summed Y X

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Magnetic Resonance Nuclei in a magnetic field

Z

Summed

NET MAGNETISATION

Y X

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Magnetic Resonance Nuclei in a magnetic field

Z

Summed

NET MAGNETISATION

Y X

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10

Magnetic Resonance Nuclei in a magnetic field

Z

Summed

NET MAGNETISATION

Y X

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11

Magnetic Resonance Precession

spin

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12

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

spin

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13

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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14

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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15

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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16

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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17

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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18

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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19

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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20

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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21

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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22

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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23

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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24

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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25

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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26

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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27

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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28

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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29

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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30

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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31

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

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32

Magnetic Resonance Precession

B0

f0 = x B0

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33

Magnetic Resonance The resonance frequency

Nucleus
1

fo (0.5 T) 21.3 MHz 20.0 MHz 8.6 MHz 5.7 MHz 5.4 MHz

fo (1.0 T) 42.6 MHz 40.1 MHz 17.2 MHz 11.3 MHz 10.7 MHz

fo (1.5 T) 63.8 MHz 60.2 MHz 25.7 MHz 17.1 MHz 16.1 MHz

H F P Na C

19

31

23

13

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34

MR signal generation
The MR acquisition technique:

Excitation Relaxation

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35

MR signal generation
The MR acquisition technique:

Excitation Relaxation

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36

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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37

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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38

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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39

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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40

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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41

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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42

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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43

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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44

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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45

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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46

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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47

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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48

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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49

MR signal generation Excitation

Bo
Transmit coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

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50

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0 M

Y X

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

51

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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52

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

53

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse Z B0

Y X

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54

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse Z B0

Y X

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

55

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

56

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse

B0

Y X

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

57

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

58

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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59

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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60

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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61

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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62

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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63

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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64

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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65

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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66

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

67

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

68

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y X

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69

MR signal generation Excitation

net magnetisation and 90 pulse B0

Y M X

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70

MR signal generation
The MR measurement is a two-step process:

Excitation Relaxation

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71

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

72

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

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73

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

74

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

75

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

76

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

77

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

78

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

79

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

80

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

81

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

82

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

83

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

84

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

85

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

86

MR signal detection Relaxation

Bo
Transmit coil Receive coil

Radio Frequency Transmitter

Radio Frequency Receiver

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

87

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

Mo

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88

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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89

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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90

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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91

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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92

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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93

MR signal characteristics
Relaxation proces
Z Bo

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94

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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95

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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96

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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97

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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98

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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99

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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100

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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101

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z Bo

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102

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Z M0 Bo

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103

MR signal characteristics Excitation & Relaxation

Z M0 Bo

Excitation

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105

MR signal characteristics Excitation & Relaxation

Z M0 Bo

Excitation Relaxation

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106

MR signal characteristics Relaxation proces

Relaxation processes:
Z M0 Bo

spin-spin relaxation in xy plane (T2) spin-lattice relaxation along z-axis (T1)

Y

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

107

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation

Z Bo

Mo

Mxy
X

time

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108

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation

Z Bo

Mxy

Mxy

time

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109

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation

Z Bo

Mxy Mxy

time

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110

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation

Z B0

Mxy

time

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111

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation

Z B0

Mxy

time

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112

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation

Z B0

Mxy

time

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113

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation

Z B0

M0

Mxy

time

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114

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation time

Mxy

T2

T2
37%

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115

MR signal characteristics Transverse relaxation time

Mxy

Contrast

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116

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

Mo

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

117

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

118

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

119

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

120

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

121

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

122

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

123

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

124

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

125

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

126

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

127

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

128

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Bo

Mz

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

129

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation

Z Mo Bo

Mz
M0

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

130

MR signal characteristics Longitudinal relaxation time

Z Mo Bo

Mz
M0

63%

T1
X

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

131

MR signal characteristics T1 and T2 relaxation

Z Mo Bo

Mz
M0

time

Mxy

time

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

132

MR Tissue Characteristics
Tissue Adipose Bone marrow White matter Grey matter Blood CSF Cortical bone Air Proton density 100 40 85 80 95 100 <10 <1 T1 (msec) 260 400 790 920 1200 >4000 T2 (msec) 85 60 90 100 100 >2000

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

133

Basic contrast in MR

Proton density T2-weigthed T1-weigthed

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MR Imaging

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135

MR Coils

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136

Resonancia Magntica

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137

Resonancia Magntica

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138

MR

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139

MR Spatial encoding

Y Z X Y gradient coils X gradient coils Static field magnetic coil

Z gradient coils

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140

MR Imaging Gradient field

Z gradient coil

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141

MR Imaging Gradient field

X-Y gradient coil

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142

MR Imaging Spatial encoding

Spatial encoding is achieved by applying gradients in 3 dimensions

1e dimension: selective excitation 2e dimension: phase encoding 3e dimension: frequency encoding

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143

MR Imaging Slice selection

Transmitted RF pulse

f~B

position

selection gradient

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144

MR Imaging Slice orientation

No RF pulse no selection gradient

f~B

position

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145

MR Imaging Slice orientation

Transmitted RF pulse

f~B

fo

Z selection
gradient
position

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146

MR Imaging Slice orientation

No RF pulse no selection gradient

f~B

position

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147

MR Imaging Slice orientation

Transmitted RF pulse

f~B

fo

Y selection
gradient
position

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148

MR Imaging Slice orientation

No RF pulse no selection gradient

f~B

position

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149

MR Imaging Slice orientation

Transmitted RF pulse

f~B

fo

X
selectio n gradient
position

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150

MR Imaging Slice thickness

Transmitted RF pulse

f~B

fo

fo

weak selection gradient

position

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151

MR Imaging Slice thickness

Transmitted RF pulse

f~B

fo

fo

strong selection gradient

position

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

152

MR Imaging Slice position

f2
Transmitted RF Pulse

fL B

f2

Selection Gradient

position

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153

MR Imaging Slice thickness

Transmitted RF pulse

f~B

fo

fo

strong selection gradient

position

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154

Pulse sequence
180
90 RF MR response G slice selection

frequency enc.

G phase enc.

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No

155