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Heat treatment may be defined as an operation or combination of operations involving heating and cooling of a metal/alloy to obtain desirable conditions, e.g., that of relieved stresses, properties, e.g., better machinability, improved ductility, homogeneous structures, etc
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Spheroidite
Austenite
Rapid Quench
Martensite
Re-heat
Slow Cooling
Re-heat
Tempered Martensite
coarse
fine
Pearlite Bainite
Slow Cooling
Medium Cooling
Fast Cooling
Hardenability
Whereas hardness is a measure of resistance to plastic deformation (by indentation), hardenability is the ease with which hardness may be attained in the depth direction of an object. Hardenability may also be remembered as the ability of a steel to become unifoirmily hard or to harden in depth direction. It should be remembered that hardenability is not an indication of the hardeness of a steel, rather hardenability is an index of the depth to which martensite can be formed in a given steel aas the result of quenching
Hardenability value for a given steel is the diameter in inches of a cylindrical bar that will form 50% martensite t the centre during an ideal quench.
The size of austentite grains before quenching. The larger the grains prior, greater is the degree of hardenability. The homogeneity of the austentite before quenching.
Hardest
However, both these requirements may be met by employing a low carbon steel with suitable core properties and then adding (or penetrating) Carbon, N or both to the surface of the steel part in order to provide a hardened case (or layer) of definite depth. These treatments are known as Case hardening. Processes used to create hardened cases are 1. Carburizing 2. Nitriding 3. Cyaniding 4. Carbonitriding 5. Flame hardening 6. Induction hardening