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testis
meiosis
ovary
meiosis fertilization
sperms
eggs (ova)
testis
Testes
For production of male gametes (sperms) For production of male sex hormones
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Epididymis
For temporarily storage of sperms During copulation, muscles of epididymis contract to release sperms
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sperm tubules
urethra penis
Penis
Erected during copulation for insertion into vagina
Dilation of arterioles causes the erectile tissue of penis become turgid Muscles of epididymis contract Semen is squeezed from the penis to the top of vagina
Ejaculation
Functions of Ovary
For production of female gametes (ova/eggs) For production of female sex hormones
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Oviduct
Carries the ovum forward by
the beating action of the cilia on its inner surface the contraction of muscles of oviduct
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Ovulation
The release of an ovum from an ovary
Video of ovulation
Video of ovulation
Menstrual Cycle
Once in about 28 days The uterine lining becomes thickened 14 days after ovulation to prepare for the fertilized ovum to implant in it
Menstrual Cycle
Day 1 - - 28 28 14 14 6 5
No implantation thicker with for implantation Lining becomesthick to readyincreased Menstruation starts fertilization ovum blood remains of of fertilized ovum down; menstruation supply lining decreases in thickness to a starts Uterine breaks Day 14 : minimumovulation
After reaching the uterus, the fertilized ovum fixed firmly onto the thick uterine wall Implantation
amnion
amniotic fluid
Video on foetus development Click here
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The Placenta
oxygenated blood from mothers artery deoxygenated blood to mothers vein villus umbilical vein umbilical artery
Maternal blood capillaries and foetal blood capillaries are separated by thin membrane
to shorten the distance of diffusion of materials
Parental Care
To increase the chance of survival of the young Mother feeds milk to the baby
Milk provides the babies with a balanced diet It also contains antibodies which defend the babies against infection
Birth Control
Human population increases exponentially
leads to storage of resources problem of pollution becomes more serious overcrowding
Rhythm Method
Prevent copulation during 7 days before and after ovulation (fertile period)
Condom
Male and female condom As a barrier to prevent sperms from entering the vagina
Diaphragm
Fitted over the cervix To be used together with spermicides
Contraceptive Pills
Contains hormones which inhibit ovulation Must be taken regularly May have side effect
Surgical Methods
Vasectomy Cutting and tying of sperm ducts Tubal ligation Cutting and tying of oviducts