CS3S05 Computer Graphics

1. A Brief History of Computer Graphics

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Lecture Plan

1. A Brief History of Computer Graphics 2. Introduction to the Module 3. Reading Material

1. A Brief History of Computer Graphics

1. A Brief History of Computer Graphics

1951 First Vector Graphics Display Created

1958 Analogue graphics used in the movie Vertigo

1960 Boeing coins the term Computer Graphics

1961 Steve Russell develops the first ever computer game Spacewar on a PDP-1 computer

History of Computer Graphics...

1962 Information International Inc. (Triple I)

Animation house created - will later develop technology for CG in movies

1963 Stephen Coons introduces Coons Patches

IBM creates the first CAD system

Hidden line algorithm created at MIT 1966 MAGI (Mathematics Application Group, Inc.) Founded Apply techniques from radiation transmission to image formation

1967 General Electric (GE) create first ever flight simulator for NASA
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History of Computer Graphics...

1968 Intel Founded John Warnock introduces a hidden surface removal algorithm

1969 Xerox-Parc founded - Alan Kay creates first ever GUI (prototype later used by Apple and Microsoft) SigGraph founded

1970 Pierre Bezier at Renault introduces the Bezier curve

1971 Henri Gouraud introduces his method for shading curved surfaces (Gouraud Shading)
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History of Computer Graphics...

1973 Rich Riesenfeld developed B-Spline curves

1974 Ed Catmul introduces the Z-Buffer for 3D graphics

1975 Phong Bui-Toung introduces Phong illumination - a technique for shading curved surfaces Mandelbrot introduces fractals Ed Catmull introduces an algorithm for rendering curved surfaces Microsoft is Founded

History of Computer Graphics...

1976 Ed Catmull introduces tweening algorithms

1977 LucasFilm division Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) create graphics for Star Wars trench sequence

1978 Jim Blinn creates a bump mapping algorithm for advanced texture rendering

History of Computer Graphics...

1982 ILM create particle effects for Star Trek II - Wrath of Kahn Genesis Sequence MAGI, Triple I, Digital Effects Inc., and Robert-Able Associates all contribute to this landmark animation

Tom Warnock founds Adobe

Jim Clark founds Silicon Graphics - its hardware is used today in special effects houses around the world

History of Computer Graphics...

Disney release seminal CG effects movie TRON

Ohio State University - Devise Skeletal animation technology This is now used in many state of the art animation systems today

MAGI introduce digital compositing Tom Bringham introduces morphing Don Greenberg presents Radiosity

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History of Computer Graphics...

1983 Lance Williams introduces mip-mapping for efficient texture rendering

1986 Apple CEO Steve Jobs funds creation of Pixar (a splinter group from LucasFilm) John Lasseter of Pixar directs their first CG short - Luxo Jnr. ILM creates its own CGI unit

1987 Chris Reynolds introduces his flocking algorithm - variants are used for controlling large CG crowds in movies IBM introduces the VGA graphics format prevalent in modern PCs

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History of Computer Graphics...

1988 Pixar release Tin Toy CG short - forerunner to Toy Story and patents its proprietary rendering system Renderman

ILM use morphing for the first time in Willow

1989 ILM implement landmark water effects for the film The Abyss

1990 Newtek release the VideoToaster - technology for lowcost video production

1991 ILM use new technology on the film Terminator 2 Extensive use of motion capture and morphing is used.
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History of Computer Graphics...

1993 ILM implement CG dinosaurs for Jurassic Park - making extensive use of skeletal animation systems. Babylon 5 Launches and shows how CGI can be used for producing good effects at low cost

1994 Doom popularises 3D texture mapping in video games(real-time animation)

1995 Pixar releases landmark CG film Toy Story NURBS surfaces used in contemporary software packages

1997 Pixar produce new CG short called Geris Game . This introduces subdivision surfaces for modelling curved objects.
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History of Computer Graphics...

1998 Alias|Wavefront release Maya, an advanced modelling and animation tool

1999 Star Wars Episode 1 released with fully CG characters

2000 Framestore creates CG dinosaurs for BBCs Walking With Dinosaurs

2001/2002 Pixar creates new fur rendering algorithms for CG film Monsters, Inc.

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History of Computer Graphics...

Weta-Digital use their Massive system for intelligent flocking/crowd control and rendering for sequences in The Lord of The Rings

2008 Techniques for photorealism, and non-photorealistic rendering continue to be developed. Shader technology has improved significantly along with consumer level graphics hardware.

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2. Introduction to the Module

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2. Introduction to the Module

Introduction to Computer Graphics theory and implementation

Modelling Rendering Animation

Focus on OpenGL 100% coursework (2 Assignments)

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3. Reading Material

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3. Reading Material and Useful References

Books
OpenGL Programming Guide. 7th Edition. OpenGL ARB : D. Shreiner, et al. Addison Wesley 2007. ISBN: 978-0321552624 or http://fly.cc.fer.hr/~unreal/theredbook/ (older edition)

Real-Time Rendering. 3rd Edition. Tomas Akenine-Mller, Eric Haines & Naty Hoffman A K Peters 2008. ISBN : 978-1568814247

Real-Time 3D Character Animation with Visual C++ Nik Lever Focal Press, 2002. ISBN: 0-240-51664-8

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3. Reading Material and Useful References

3D Computer Graphics Alan Watt Addison Wesley. 2000. ISBN: 0-201-39855-9

3D Games - Realtime Rendering & Software Technology A. Watt & F. Policarpo. Addison Wesley. 2001. ISBN: 0-201-61921-0

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3. Reading Material and Useful References

Journals ACM SIGGRAPH annual proceedings IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications ACM Transactions on Graphics Graphical Models Magazines 3D World Computer Arts

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3. Reading Material and Useful References

Web (some useful links) OpenGL Homepage http://www.opengl.org Realtime Rendering Resources http://www.realtimerendering.com/ Microsofts OpenGL Resources http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd374278(VS.85).aspx ACM Siggraph homepage http://www.siggraph.org/ 3D Links http://www.3dlinks.com/ CGSociety http://www.cgsociety.org/

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