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MECH-4310: Principles of Turbomachinery

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Instructor: Dr. Bing-Chen Wang
Email: bc_wang@umanitoba.ca
Tel: (204) 474-9305
Office: E1-410

There will be one Teaching Assistants (TA), who
can also be consulted when you have questions
during the course study.


Instructor Information
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turbo or turbinis is Latin in origin
and implies that which spins or whirls
around.

A turbomachine is a rotating (as opposed
to reciprocating) device that extracts
energy from or adds energy to fluids.

There are two main categories of
turbomachines, i.e.
those absorbs power (e.g., pumps, fans,
compressors), and
those generates power (e.g. hydraulic,
steam, and gas turbines)

A turbomachine changes the enthalpy of
the working fluids.
What is Turbomachinery ?
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Review: Why enthalpy?
(

+ + = ) z z ( g ) c c (
2
1
) h h ( m W Q
1 2
2
1
2
2 1 2

First Law of Thermodynamics for an open system (based on
control volume analysis)
) h h ( m W
2 1
~

Therefore,
What is enthalpy ?
pv u h + =
u: internal energy
pv: flow work
Important:
All these parameters (h, u, p, v) are properties of a substance.
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Example 1a (system): Steam Power Plant
Siemens Steam Plants (SSP)

Reference:
http://www.powergeneration.siemens.com/products-solutions-services/power-plant-soln/steam-turbine-
power-plants/


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Example 1b (system): Steam Turbine
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Example 2a: Tidal Stream Turbine
SeaGen is the world's first large scale commercial tidal stream generator. It is four
times more powerful than any other tidal stream generator in the world.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaGen
Tidal power is the only form of energy which
derives directly from the relative motions of
the Earth-Moon system. Tidal power is
practically inexhaustible and classified as a
renewable energy source. Tidal energy is
periodical and predictable. In contrast, wind
and solar energies cannot be well-predicted.
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Example 2b: Tidal Stream Turbine
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=994CD8692F04FA15
Click the following weblink:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSBACzRE3Gw&feature=related

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Example 3: Turbo Engines
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=17E887C02E1576E6
Click the following weblink:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0uQzLC851c&feature=PlayList&p=17E887C02E1576E6&index=3

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Classification of Turbomachines
According to the flow direction:
Axial-flow turbomachine
Flow path parallel to axis of rotation
Radial-flow turbomachine
Flow path perpendicular to axis of rotation
Mixed-flow turbomachine
Both radial and axial flow components
According to the function:
Pumps/compressors
Absorbing power
Turbines
Generating power
According to the pressure change in a rotor:
Impulse (zero-reaction) turbomachine
Pressure changes across the nozzle/diffuser;
Pressure does not change across the rotor (or blades).
Reaction (zero impulse) turbomachine
Pressure changes across both the nozzle/diffuser and the rotor.
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Example 4a: Centrifugal Compressor
Jet engine
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Example 4b: Centrifugal Turbines
Turbine and nozzles Shaft and turbine


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Example 4c: Centrifugal Turbomachine
Nozzles and turbine blades
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Example 5a: Axial Compressor
4-stage compressor
A blade wheel (single stage)
Jet engine
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Example 5b: Axial Turbine
Wind turbine Tidal turbine


Axial gas turbine (rotor)
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Example 5c: Axial Compressor
Rotor
(To transfer mechanical energy to kinetic energy
of gas; to partially increase the pressure.)
Stator
(To increase the pressure;
to transfer kinetic energy to
potential/pressure energy.)
1 stage
= 1 ring of stator blades
+1 ring of stator blades
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Example 6: Impulse Turbines
Simplest example
Pelton hydraulic turbines
No pressure changes across the blades
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Instructor Information
Teaching Methods: Lectures, Labs & Tutorials
Policies on Academic Integrity
Textbook
Requirement and Evaluation
Method to Achieve Success
Syllabus
Course Outline and Instructor Information
For detailed explanation, please see the first course
handout (Instructor information & Course syllabus).