CD, DVD, Blue Ray

By: Cory Reardon

Types of Optical Data Storage

DVD HD DVD CD Blu-Ray And in the near future Holographic Versatile Discs (HVD)

Types of drives
DVD CD Blu-ray DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVDRAM, DVD+RW CD-ROM, CD-R, CDRW BD-R, BD-RE

Terms
A track is a consecutive set of sectors on the disc containing a block of data. One session may contain one or more tracks of the same or different types. There are several kinds of tracks: Audio tracks, Data tracks sector - A logical or physical group of bytes recorded on the disc A standard 74 min. CD contains 333,000 blocks or sectors. Each sector is 2,352 bytes

What is a CD/DVD/ Blu-Ray disk

These are all types of optical data storage. Each offers different things Each are made of tracks and sectors

(A) Track (B) Geometrical sector (C) Track sector (D) Cluster

How it works (CD)

There is a small motor with an actuator arm that moves the laser beam to whatever sector on the track is to be read. If the disc were spinning at a constant speed, the speed near the center of the disc would be greater then the speed at the outer edge.

How it works(CD) continued

To create the effect of constant linear velocity, the CD drive uses a mechanism that speeds up the disc when the laser beam is near the center of the disc, and slows it down when the laser beam is near the outer edge

How it works(CD) continued

Since there are more sectors on the outer edge then the inner edge, the light beam needs more time to read near the outer edge then it does near the inner edge.

CD under electron microscope

How a DVD drive works

Same as a CD drive but with a 650 nm wavelength laser diode compared to 780 nm for CD.

DVD under electron microscope

How a Blu-Ray drive works

Same as a DVD drive but with a smaller wavelength laser diode. Which is 405 nm And the laser emits a blue light hence the name Blu-Ray

The future
Holographic Disks These are to expensive yet. And arent ready yet for the market cause more testing and research needs to be done on them

History
The development of the Compact Disc was first made possible by the invention of the laser diode, which is an essential part of the Compact Disc and all other optical recording systems.

History
When the Compact Disc was developed, the available infra red lasers had a wavelength of 780 nm (nanometer). The red lasers with even shorter wavelengths (650 to 635 nm), like those now used for DVD and other systems, were then not yet available.

History of the DVD

May 1994 Sony and Philips They showcased their product at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show in early January 1995. A few weeks later Time Warner and Toshiba showcased their version it was double-sided to give it a capacity of 10 gigabytes and it was thinner then Sonys version

History of the DVD

Later the HD DVD came out. It was an improvement over the standard DVD. It could hold as much as a Blu-Ray. There was a struggle as to what would be used. The Blu-Ray or the HD DVD.
February 19, 2008 Toshiba announced that it would not be developing or manufacturing HDDVD technology any longer

Manufacturers and prices

HP Toshiba Samsung ASUS Sony LG Pioneer Light-on $20- $575

Sources
http://knol.google.com/k/hieroglyphics-to-holographicshistory-of-cd-rom-dvd-hd-dvd-blu-ray# http://www.pctechguide.com/34DVD.htm http://www.research.philips.com/technologies/projects/cd/t echnology.html http://www.blu-raydisc.com/en/about/WhatisBlurayDisc/HistoryofBlu-rayDisc.html http://www.prlog.org/10206247-blu-ray-technologyhistory.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-blue-raytechnology.html http://www.miqrogroove.com/writing/history-of-dvd/ http://computer.howstuffworks.com/cd-burner1.htm

Sources continued
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM#CDROM_format http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD/DVD_authoring http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDROM#CD_sector_contents http://www.ehow.com/howdoes_5004612_cddvd-rom-drive-function.html

Duel vs. single layer DVDs

Single layer Cheaper Hold 4.7 GB Duel layer More expensive Used by Hollywood for movies cause they can hold all the special features Hold 8.5 GB

Connections on back of the drive

IDE Power Jumpers (cable select/slave/master) Audio leads (digital or analog)

How is it read
The main components of a CD/DVD ROM drive are a small drive motor, a tracking mechanism and a laser/lens assembly, all of which connect to the motherboard of the computer via a 40-pin ribbon cable or the IDE cable. The drive motor spins the disc at 200 to 500 RPM. In order for the laser to follow the spiral track around the disc, the tracking motor moves it in a straight line outward from the center.

How it is read continued

The laser lens, after receiving the light from the laser, reads it as a digital signal. This signal transfers to the IDE controller in the motherboard, which then converts the data into binary, sends it to the processor and then to the proper application for the CD/DVD/BluRay software in the operating system. In the case of audio CDs, the IDE sends the signal to the computer speakers and outputs it as sound.