Learning styles refers to an individuals preferred manner of processing material, or characteristic style of acquiring and using information when

learning.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Felder-Silverman Learning Model Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument Kolbs Learning Style Inventory Honey and Mumfords Classification Bernice McCarthy

CARL JUNG PERSONALITY THEORY &

MBTI

Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of the school
of analytical psychology. He proposed that the population was made of two basic types ..

Extroverted :
These type of people are seen as people person. They feel confortable in
groups have wide range of friends and know lots of people. They jump too quickly into an activity and sometime forget to stop and get clear on what they need to do.

Introverted :
These are seen as reserved lot, prefer keeping a low profile. They know just few people and prefer working alone.

And he also Identified two types of personalities .

.

Perceiving (Sensing & Intuition)

These type of people are very responsive, they appear to be loose

and casual. They take work as play.

Judgement (Thinking & Feeling)

These type of people seems to prefer a planned life. They are task

oriented and make list of things to do. They plan work to avoid rushing
near deadlines.

MBTI is a widely used and Highly regarded system for understanding and interpreting personality and drives most of its underpinning theory from Carl Jung's psychological types ideas and to a lesser extent the four humours. The MBTI model and test instrument was introduced .by Katharine Briggs and her daughter Isabel in 1942. This was highly influenced by Carl Jungs

theory which relates to the aspect of personality and behaviour.

Understanding & Developing yourself Understanding & Developing others Understanding what Motivates others Understanding others strengths & weaknesses

Working in teams
Allocating and agreeing tasks & projects responsibilities.

EXTROVERSION VS INTROVERSION

Extroversion

They are seen as Out Going or as a people person. They feel comfortable in groups and like working in them. They have a wide range of friends and know lots of people. They sometimes jump too quickly into an activity and do not allow enough time to think it over.

Introversion

They are seen as reflective or reserved.

They feel comfortable being alone and like things ,they can do on their
own.

They prefer to know just few people well. They sometimes forget to check with the outside world to see if their ideas really fit the experience.

Sensing
Sensing types pays attention to physical reality , what they see, hear, touch, and smell. they notice facts and remember details that are important to them. They like to see the practical use of thing, Experience speaks to them louder then words.

Intuition..
Intuition type pays more attention to Impressions or the meaning and patterns of the information's they get .They would rather learn

by thinking a problem than by hands on experience , an they more

think about the future than the past.

THINKING VS FEELING
Thinking
This type makes a decisions they like to find the basic truth or principles to be applied, regardless of the specific situation involved.

Feeling
They believe that they can make the best decisions by weighing what people

care
about the points of view of persons involved in a situation. An appear caring, warm And tactful.

Judging :
It seems to prefer a planned or orderly way of life. Like to have things settled and
organised. Feel more comfortable when decisions are made and like to bring life control as much as possible.

Pereceiving :
They seems to be prefer a flexible and spontaneous way of life and they like to
understand and adopt to the world rather than organise it

Established by Richard Felder & Linda Silverman in 1988

Sensing/Intuitive
Visual/Verbal Inductive/Deductive Active/Reflective Sequential/Global

Sensing

Concrete, Practical Oriented toward facts and procedures

Intuitive

Conceptual, Innovative Oriented toward theories and meanings

Visual

Prefer visual representations of material Pictures, Diagrams, Flow charts

Verbal

Prefer written and spoken explanations

Inductive

Prefer presentations that proceed from the specific to the general

Deductive

Prefer presentations that go from general to the specific

Active

Learn by trying things out Prefer working with others

Reflective

Learn by thinking things through Prefer working alone

Sequential

Linear, Orderly Learn in small incremental steps

Global

Holistic, Systems thinkers Learn in large leaps

The HBDI is the worlds leading thinking styles. It defines your preferred approach to

EMOTIONAL

ANALYTICAL

STRATEGIC THINKING

STRUCTURAL

1) Analytical Thinking

Components: Logical thinking, factual, critical, technical and quantitative. Preferred Activities: Collecting data, analysis, understanding how things work, criteria and logical thinking.

2) Sequential Thinking: Components: Safekeeping, structured, organized, complexity or detailed, planned. Preferred Activities: Following directions, detail oriented work, step by step problem solving, organization and implementation.

3) Interpersonal Thinking: Components : Kinesthetic, emotional, spiritual, sensory , feeling. Preferred Activities: Listening to and expressing ideas, looking for personal meaning, sensory input and group interaction.

4) Imaginative Thinking: Components: Visual, holistic, intuitive, innovative and conceptual. Preferred Activities: Visuals, metamorphic thinking, creative problem solving , long term thinking.

Individual, group awareness and cohesion Career Development Communication/ Conflict Resolution Sales and Marketing Effectiveness Culture Change/ Organizational Learning

Strategy Development
Creativity and Innovation

Kolb's model of learning styles is one of the bestknown and widely used learning style theories. Psychologist David Kolb first outlined his theory of learning styles in 1984. He believed that our individual learning styles emerge due to our genetics, life experiences, and the demands of our current environment. In addition to describing four different learning styles, Kolb also developed a theory of experiential learning and a learning style inventory.

DAVID KOLB A LEADING THEORIST DEVLOPED THE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING . HE ARGUES THAT THE LEARNING PROCESS IS NOT THE SAME FOR ALL PEOPLE. KOLB THEORIZES THAT AN INDIVIDUALS LEARNING STYLE IS BASED ON THAT PERSONS PREFFERED MODES OF LEARNING.

CONCRETE EXPERIENCE (CE) An intuitive preferences for learning through direct experience, emphasizing interpersonal relations and feeling as apposed to thinking. ABSTRACT CONCEPTUALIZATION(AC) A preference for learning by thinking about an issue in theoretical terms.

REFLECTIVE OBSERVATION (RO) A preference to learn by watching and examining different points of view to achieve an understanding. ACTIVE EXPERIMENTATION (AE)

It refers to learning something by actually doing it and judging its practical value.

DIVERGENT (FEELING & WATCHING) A combination of concrete experience(CE) an reflective observation (RO), emphasizing imagination , an awareness of values and ability to generate alternatives course of action.
ASSIMILATION (THINKING &WATCHING) A combination of abstract conceptualization(AC) And reflective observation(RO) that stress Inductive reasoning, the integration of desperate observations an explanation.

CONVERGENT (THINKING & DOING) A combination of abstract conceptualization (AC) and active experimentation (AE), with a focus on problem solving, decision making, and practical application of ideas .
ACCOMMADATIVE (FEELING & DOING) A combination of concrete experience (CE), and active experimentation (AE), this style is usually demonstrated by accomplishment, executing plans, and involvement in new experiences.

DOING Active Experimentation (AE) FEELING Concrete Experimentati on (CE) THINKING Abstract conceptualiza tion (AC) Accommodative Feeling & doing (CE / AE)

WATCHING Reflective Observation (RO) Divergent Feeling & watching (CE/RO)

Convergent Assimilation Thinking & doing Thinking & watching (AC /AE) (AC /RO)

The LSI assesses an individuals toward the four modes of the learning process.. Concrete Experience (CE) Abstract Conceptualization (AC) Reflective Observation (RO) Active Experimentation (AE) Kolbs theory and the LSI can help HRD professionals, supervisors , and employees indentify an different approaches to learning.

Kolb stated that for true learning to take Place we need to have an experience, reflect upon this experience , make senses of it and finally apply theories to our lives by planning what we would do next time we were in the same or similar situation.

Peter Honey and Alan Mumford identified four distinct styles of preferences that people use while learning.

The learning styles are:

ACTIVISTS

REFLECTORS

THEORISTS

PRAGMATISTS

Bernice McCarthy identified four primary learning styles- IMAGINATIVE, ANALYTIC, COMMON SENSE AND DYNAMIC. Different styles are used for different kind of people and sometimes a mix of these styles are also used. The styles are:

Imaginative learners are feeling people who get involved with others and learn best in settings that allow interpersonal relationships to develop. They learn by sensing, feeling, watching.

Analytical learners learn by watching and listening. The primary information giver is the teacher. These are the students who learn in the way most teachers have traditionally taught and so they are often considered the best learners. They should be exact and accurate thinkers.

Commonsense learner like to play with ideas to see if they are rational and workable. These students want to test theory in the real world, to apply what has been learned. They learn best when learning is combined with doing.

Dynamic learners also enjoy as action part of the learning process, but rather than thinking projects through to their rational conclusion.

They are risk takers and find real joy in starting something new.