Learning style used to describe an individual's natural or habitual pattern of acquiring and processing information in learning situations.

There is no commonly accepted definition of learning styles; however, a core concept is that individuals differ in how they learn. Proponents for the use of learning styles in education said that teachers should assess the learning styles of their students and adapt their classroom methods to best fit each student's learning style.

active

Constructive learning

Learning
style

Cooperative learning

Thinking skill

Meyers and Jones (1993) define active learning as learning environments that allow students to talk and listen, read, write, and reflect as they approach course content through problem-solving exercises, informal small groups, simulations, case studies, role playing, and other activities all of which require students to apply what they are learning.

Talking and listening

Active learning
Writing Reading

a) Talking and listening -Active learners organize and reinforce what they've learned. -The active learners reads an assignment before listening to the lecture, so that when they hear those pieces of information, their brain will recognize that they needs that information and stores it. b) Reading Students do a great deal of their learning through reading, but they often receive little instruction in how to read effectively. Active learning exercises such as summary and note checks can help students process what they've read and help them develop the ability to focus on important information.

c) Writing - writing provides a means for students to process new information in their own words - When you write, your brain remembers things that you already know and helps you put that knowledge together with new thoughts and ideas.

Cooperative Learning is a systematic pedagogical strategy that encourages small groups of students to work together for the achievement of a common goal. This method can help students develop leadership skills and the ability to work with others as a team

allow students to learn from each other encourages you and your classmates to discuss and come up with better findings or solution

Individuals can exhibit different learning and thinking styles in different contexts, and adding on a new credible way of processing information can only enhance a persons ability to make smart decisions in life. Teaching thinking involves the creation of challenging learning experiences which call for high level thinking, such as the development of the skills under the five headings of information processing, enquiry, reasoning, creative thinking and evaluation.

I.

Information-processing skills enable pupils to: locate, collect and recall relevant information interpret information to show they understand relevant concepts and ideas analyze information e.g. sort, classify, sequence, compare and contrast understand relationships.
Enquiry skills enable pupils to: ask relevant questions pose and define problems plan what to do and how to research predict outcomes, test conclusions and improve ideas.

ii.

Reasoning skills enable pupils to: give reasons for opinions draw inferences and make deductions make judgments and decisions informed by reasons or evidence.

Based on constructivist theory which always builds upon knowledge that a student already knows; this prior knowledge is called a schema. Constructivists suggest that learning is more effective when a student is actively engaged in the learning process rather than attempting to receive knowledge passively.

Complex, challenging learning environments and authentic tasks

Social negotiation Making students aware of the knowledge construction process Student-centered instruction