What is Internet?

A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources

What is Internet?
The Internet is a global network of computer networks. Each of these networks contains anywhere from two to thousands of computers that are linked together using special rules called protocols. When computers are connected to the Internet they are able to communicate and share information
Used for - Communication through email , Chatting - News groups - Files transfer - Documents,data(multimedia )sharing

etc

Who Uses The Internet ?

Institutions like:academic, government and commercial -to allow their staff to collaborate with peers -to rapidly coordinate complex, dispersed worldwide activities for information gathering and sharing -by interconnecting their enterprise networks via Internet backbone providers Business enterprises which specialize in providing or for global trading General public via local access providers and gateways to commercial public e-mail carriers and other kinds of networks

You may be connected through:

Dial-up Leased line RF Link ( Wireless)

What is a leased line?

A leased line is a fast, 24x7x365 connection to the Internet from your office or network, giving you instant access to the Internet. Leased lines come at different speeds that you may choose depending on your requirement. Leased Lines speeds range from 64Kbps to 2048kbps (2Mbps) between your LAN and our nearest NOC.

Internet Standard Domain Names

edu educational organizations

com commercial organizations gov government institutions mil military groups net major network support centres org organizations other than the above int international organizations country code two character identifier for a country in the geographical scheme

What is a protocol?
In networking and Communications, the formal specification that defines the procedures to be followed when transmitting and receiving data. Protocols define the format, timing, sequence and error checking used on the network.
HTTP- Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the stateless protocol used for data transfer within WWW.

Various components of Internet

Web Page Website URL Browser Web Server DNS Server Search Engine

Web Page and Website

An electronic document on the web is called a Web Page. Earlier we used to have static web pages but now a days we use dynamic (interactive) web pages. A web page may contain text, graphics, sound and video in addition to hyperlinks to related web pages. A collection of related web pages that can be accessed from the same starting location is often called a Website. Most websites have a starting point called a homepage that is a websites central reference point.

Uniform Resource Locater (URL)

Each webpage at each website has a unique address called a URL. A URL is the standard address of a web page on the World Wide Web (WWW). URL is made up of four basic parts Protocols, Domain name, Folder name, File name e.g. http://www.webconnect.com/virtual/index.html Protocol- Hypertext Transfer Protocol Domain name- is the server that contains the resource Folder name- is on the server file system File name- are the names of specific documents

What is a Web Browser?

A Web Browser is special software such as Netscape, Mosaic or Internet Explorer. These browsers allow a user to view Web pages delivered from a client server (Web Site) situated at a particular URL on the World Wide Web

Web Browser
The files are addressed in a consistent manner across Web servers and users are able to access and view these multimedia files by using browsers. Most browsers have a graphical display and support multimedia- audio, image and video in addition to text. Browsers keep track of user input actions like selecting links etc. and executing those actions. Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer are the two browsers that are most popular. Browsers support some of these features: bookmarks for favorite websites multiple browsing windows secure data transmission

Web Server
The web pages that comprise a website are stored on one or more servers called the Web Servers. Multiple websites may be stored on the same server. \ In case of a large website, one web server may contain the websites homepage while many of the individual pages are stored on other Web Servers. A web server must have the following components:

1) An IP address that uniquely identifies the server 2) Hardware that is capable of being connected to the internet and handling clients request

Web Server (contd..)

3) Communication links to the internet to ensure acceptable performance and responsiveness to internet user requests for web pages. 4) Web server software that will run on the servers hardware and operating system Widely used Web server software Product name Platform Apache Unix, Linux Microsoft Windows NT, Win 2000 server iPlanet Unix, Windows NT
(includes Netscape products)

Zeus

Unix, Linux, Windows NT

Search Engines on the WWW

A search engine is an Internet tool that locates web pages and sorts them according to specified keywords. provide for searching using keywords and boolean operators Popular ones are Google,Alta Vista, Infoseek, Web Crawler, Lycos and Yahoo Over 600 + at present

Search Engine
A variety of browser-oriented search engines have been developed that allow users to find resources on the internet by supplying keywords. Through search engines, a user can find links to almost any internet location.
Search Engine Components

User

Search Engine

Index

Spider

World Wide Web

Search Engine (contd..)

Spider
The spider is a program that continuously searches the Internet for the new web pages. The spider is also called as the crawler. When the spider finds a new page, it scans it to find out what the page is about and then creates an entry for the web site in its database.

Index
Data about Web pages is often kept in a database that is often called the index. There is an entry in the index for every Web page found by the spider.

Search Engine (contd..)

Search Engine
This a program installed on the search engines Web site that searches the index to find links to Web pages that match search criteria specified by the user. Popular WWW Search Engines Yahoo Google Metacrawler Lycos Infoseek

Applications of Internet
E-mail FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Voice over Internet Blogs

Electronic mail (E-mail)

E-mail is the most widely used Internet application E-mail on internet is inexpensive, volume dependent and distance independent Each e-mail user designates a mail server that accepts the users mail when they are not online. For many users the mail server is the host at the ISP that they use to gain access to the internet. E-mails arriving at the mail server are stored in a file. When the user logs on, mail messages may be read and processed. E-mail address has a general format of Username@domainname

EMAIL ADDRESSES
When a person has an email account on a particular computer, he or she also has a username. A person's email address is the username followed by @ (the at sign), followed by the host address for the computer where the email account is located. For example,

president@whitehouse.gov is the email address for the President of the United States at the White House.

Email: Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages Convenience Speed Inexpensive Printable Reliable Global Generality

Disadvantages Misdirection

Interception
Forgery Overload Junk

No response

Email Addresses Basic form of an email address is username@hostname.subdomain.domain

Voice Over Internet

The evolution of Internet has inspired Internet telephony and voice over IP (VoIP) as this network is build largely on telephone circuit. Users are able to use their computers to initiate nocost long-distance telephone calls over the Internet. These applications divide digitized voice messages into IP packets and route them over the Internet. End-office Internet connections convert the packets into the form needed to transmit them over local telephone circuits and deliver them to the appropriate telephone.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

FTP is a part of TCP/IP protocol suite which provides a mechanism to transfer files between nodes. It is a protocol or set of rules, which enables files to be transferred between computers. FTP works on the client server principle. A client program enables the user to interact with a server in order to access information and services on the server computer.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) (contd..)

Files that can be transferred are stored on computers called FTP servers.
To access these files, an FTP client program is used. This is an interface that allows the user to locate the files to be transferred and initiate the transfer process. Files on the FTP servers are often compressed. Compression decreases the file size and this enables more files to be stored on the server and makes file transfer times shorter

History of BLOGS
Blogs are a type of website Back when WWW was young creating website was not easy, you had to program a website just like u were writing a piece of software. Every website is made up of a coding language HTML people started to publish online diaries using html about their daily lives. It was like keeping a personal journal, but sharing it with the world. Web diaries were sometimes referred to as Web logs In late 1990s tools like Open Diary and Live Journal popped up.

History of BLOGS (contd..)

These tools allowed the users to publish a Web log simply by filling out a form and the software would do the rest. Thousands and thousands of Internet users began publishing their own web logs or blogs The software also became more sophisticated, allowing people to publish complex websites. Blog is short foe a weblog. A weblog is a journal that is frequently updated and intended for general public consumption. The modern blog evolved from the online diary, where people will keep a running account of their lives

BLOGS
A blog is a website where entries are written in chronological order and commonly displayed in reverse chronological order. Blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject such as food, politics and some blogs function as personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images and links to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic. Blogs are typically updated daily using software that allows people with little or no technical background to update and maintain the blog.