COMPONENT AND OPERATION OF POWER HOUSE

PRESENTED BY:
V.K. SINGH CHIEF ENGINEER (DESIGN E&M), NHPC

CONVERSION OF OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY IN TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

HEAT ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT OVER THERMAL

IT CAN BE USED AS SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER

BETTER STABILITY DUE TO HIGH VALUE OF SCR QUICK START/STOP

PEAKING POWER PLANT
CONT.

 LOW RUNNING COST i.e LOW TARIFF LONGER LIFE DRAUGHT AND FLOOD CONTROL IMPROVED IRRIGATION BY ROUTING THE CANALS IN D/S ENVIRONMENTLY FRIENDLY POLUTION FREE

DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE

TYPES OF HYDROELECTRIC PLANT

R-O-R
R-O-R WITH SMALL PONDAGE STORAGE

DAM
CREATES HEAD

IMPOUNDS THE STORAGE

HOW ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED ?

COMPONENT OF POWER HOUSE

GOVERNOR GENERATOR BUS DUCT GSU SWITCH YARD

PENSTOCK

SPIRAL CASING & WICKET GATE

TURBINE

DRAFT TUBE

TAIL RACE

WATER POWER FORMULA

P MW =(9.81 x Q x H x t x g )/1000 Where , Q = Discharge in m3/s H = Head in metre t x g =Overall efficiency N=(Ns x H 1.25)/(Pt 0.5) Where, Pt=Turbine output Ns = Specific speed

EFFECTIVE HEAD OR NET HEAD

FOR PELTON H = MDDL+ 2/3(FRL -MDDL) TCL - Head loss FOR FRANCIS AND KAPLAN H = MDDL+ 2/3(FRL -MDDL) TWL - Head loss

TYPICAL HYDRO PLANT

ROTOR

STATOR SEGMENT

HYDRO TURBINE & ITS AUXILIARIES

TURBINES TRANSFER ENERGY FROM WORKING FLUID TO ROTOR. THEY ACT AS PRIME MOVERS. IN HYDRO TURBINES THE FLUID IS WATER.

TYPES OF HYDRO-TURBINE

REACTION

IMPULSE

FRANCIS

KAPLAN

PROPELLER

BULB

PELTON

CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBINE
1. HEAD
2. SPECIFIC SPEED 3. EFFICIENCY 4. OUTPUT

SPECIFIC SPEED
Specific speed is defined as the speed in revolutions per minute at which a turbine would run at the best efficiency for full guide-vane/nozzle opening under a head of one unit and its dimensions having been adjusted to produce unit power output. Mathematical expression, NS= N * (P1/2/H5/4) Where, N= Shaft speed in rpm, H= Rated head in m, P= Rated output on kW

EFFICIENCY OF TURBINE
KAPLAN 93% FRANCIS 94% PELTON 92%

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF TURBINE

1. SPIRAL CASE/ DISTRIBUTOR 2. STAY VANES 3. GUIDE VANES/ NOZZLES (DEFLECTORS) 4. RUNNER 5. DRAFT TUBE

MINOR COMPONENTS OF TURBINE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Turbine shaft Labyrinth Turbine pit Turbine pit liner Turbine housing Servomotor Regulating ring Turbine guide bearing Shaft seal

PRESSURE RISE AND SPEED RISE

TYPE OF TURBINE PRESSURE RISE (%) 15 to 30 30 to 35 30 to 50 SPEED RISE (%) 20 to 45 35 to 55 30 to 65

PELTON FRANCIS KAPLAN/BULB /PROPELLER

REFERENCE: IS 12837:1989

INLET VALVES

VALVES
Definition: Valves are mechanical devices that are used to isolate, or release fluid flowing through pipelines.

TURBINE SHUT-OFF VALVES

1. BUTTERFLY (FOR HEADS ONLY UPTO 200 M) 2. SPHERICAL (FOR HEADS ABOVE 200 M)

APPLICATION
1. PENSTOCK 2. TURBINE INLET VALVE

NEED
1. At lower heads, for inspection or maintenance of turbine without involving the time necessary to drain and refill the penstock. 2. For higher heads, they perform the same function but are also used to relieve pressure of the wicket gates or needles when the turbine has off load for an extended time.

For very high heads it is usually found desirable to provide spherical valves of the turbine, for normal unit shut down, as well as butterfly valves at or near the top of the penstock as a further security measure.

OPERATING MECHANISM
1. Valve Servomotor 2. Pressure Oil System 3. Compressed Air System

ADVANTAGES OF SPHERICAL VALVE

1. Shape is well suited to resist even the highest pressure. 2. Hydraulic losses are negligible. 3. Closure is good 4. Space requirement are large.

BYPASS VALVE
Should be sufficient to balance the downstream pressure at least by 60 percent of the upstream pressure, considering the maximum leakages through the guide vanes.

AIR VALVE
The size of the air valve should be sufficient to release of admit air according to rate of filling or draining of water in the spiral casing/ distributor.

GOVERNOR
Quality of power depends on: Frequency Voltage These need to be regulated properly for stable and accurate output for good performance.

Governing system is used for regulating frequency and power output.

Requirement of governor characteristics depend on following external and internal factors: 1.External factors: Connected Power system network. Type of load in Interconnected power system . 2.Internal factors: Changes/Disturbances in long water conductor system

REQUIREMENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. Precision Reliability Stability Sensitivity

ELEMENTS OF GOVERNING EQUIPMENT SPEED SENSING DEVICE EHG HMC SERVOMOTOR

GOVERNOR CHARACTERISTICS TEMPORARY SPEED DROOP PERMANENT SPEED DROOP

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X-SECTION THROUGH KAPLAN TURBINE

X-SECTION THROUGH FRANCIS TURBINE

FRANCIS Vs. KAPLAN

PELTON TURBINE

PELTON NOZZLES

SHOP ASSEMBLY OF SPIRAL CASE AND STAY RING

THANK YOU