SPE3002 Entrerpeneurship - Creativity and Innovation w8

SPE3002/SPK5002 COMMERCE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
WEEK 8 28 AUGUST 3 SEPTEMBER 2006
Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor
email: drhamka@yahoo.com
slide
AGENDA
Developing Creativity and Innovation
slide
LEARNING OUTLINE
What Is Creativity? Process Of Creativity Barriers To Creativity How To Generate Creative Ideas Continue..
slide 3
LEARNING OUTLINE
What Is Innovation? Type Of Innovation Sources Of Innovation Barriers Of Innovation The Importance Of Creativity And Innovation Strategies To Encourage Creativity And Innovation
Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor email: drhamka@yahoo.com slide 4
What is Creativity
Definition
Involves the development of unique and novel responses to problem and opportunities. Imperative for responding to the complex challenges in a dynamic business environment which is often on non-routine problems. The ability to produce work that is original and unexpected, high in quality and appropriate.
Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind: From Ideas to Reality
slide 6
Creativity and Innovation

Creativity the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities. Innovation the ability to apply creative solutions to problems or opportunities to enhance or to enrich peoples lives.
slide 7
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship the result of a disciplined, systematic process of applying creativity and innovation to the needs and opportunities in the marketplace. Entrepreneurs connect their creative ideas with the purposeful action and structure of a business.
Failure: Just Part of the Creative Process!

For every 3,000 new product ideas:
Four make it to the development stage. Two are actually launched. One becomes a success in the market.
On average, new products account for 40% of companies sales!!
slide 9
Can We Learn to Be Creative?

Yes!!
By overcoming paradigms and by suspending conventional thinking long enough to consider new and different alternatives!
Birds Model of Entrepreneurial Intentionality

Opportunities in the social, political, economic context Personal history, background, personality, abilities
Rational, analytic thinking, goaldirected behavior
Intuitive thinking, vision
Intentionality
Actions
Right-Brained, Creative Thinkers

Always ask, Is there a better way? Challenge custom, routine, and tradition. Are reflective. Play mental games.
slide 12
Right-Brained, Creative Thinkers

Realize that there may be more than one right answer. See mistakes as pit stops on the way to success. Relate seemingly unrelated ideas to a problem. Have helicopter skills.
slide 13
Left-Brained or Right-Brained?
Entrepreneurship requires both leftand right-brained thinking.
Right-brained thinking draws on divergent reasoning, the ability to create a multitude of original, diverse ideas. Left-brained thinking counts on convergent reasoning, the ability to evaluate multiple ideas and to choose the best solution to a problem.
slide 14
slide 15
Linear Creat ivit y

(Logic/Knowledge)
Focus Dept h Skills Hard Work
Lat eral Creat ivit y

(Intuitive/Imagination)
I nnovat ion Out -of-t he-Box Breadt h Analogies Uniqueness Non-Logic
Experience Growt h Expansion
slide 16
Elements of Creativity
Unique (original) Valued (useful) Intent (purpose) Continuance (implementation excellence)
slide 17
Increasing Personal Creativity

Idea file or notebook Network Read voraciously Think in opposites Look for new uses for old things
slide 18
slide 19
Tips for Enhancing Organizational Creativity

Expecting creativity Expecting and tolerating failure Encouraging creativity Viewing problems as challenges Providing creativity training Providing support Rewarding creativity Modeling creative behavior
Tips for Enhancing Individual Creativity

Allow yourself to be creative Give your mind fresh input every day Keep a journal handy to record your thoughts and ideas Read books on stimulating creativity Take some time off
slide 21
Creative Thinking Process

Incubation
Knowledge Accumulation
Creative Process
Ideas
Evaluation and Implementation
slide 22
The Creative Process

Preparation Investigation Transformation
Incubation
Illumination
Verification
Implementation
How to Create Creative Ideas

BRAINSTORMING
FORCED ANALOGY
DO IT NOMINAL GROUP
D Define Problem O Open mind and apply creative technique I Identify best solution T - Transform
Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor email: drhamka@yahoo.com
MIND MAPPING
slide 24
How to Create Creative Ideas
slide 25
Techniques for Improving the Creative Process

Brainstorming
Goal is to create a large quantity of novel and imaginative ideas.
Mind-mapping
A graphical technique that encourages thinking on both sides of the brain, visually displays relationships among ideas, and improves the ability to see a problem from many sides.
slide 26
Techniques for Improving the Creative Process

Rapid prototyping
Transforming an idea into an actual model that will point out flaws and lead to design improvements.
slide 27
Barriers to Creativity
FEAR OF CRITISM
PERSONAL BELIEFS
STRESS
OVER-MANAGEMENT
Searching for the one right answer Focusing on being logical Blindly following the rules Constantly being practical Viewing play as frivolous
slide 29
(continued)
Becoming overly specialized Avoiding ambiguity Fearing looking foolish Fearing mistakes and failure Believing that Im not creative
slide 30
Characteristics of Creative Individuals

Humble and Proud Combination Playfulness & Discipline, responsibility
Passionate about work, Yet objective about it
High Self-Control Goal directed, deliberate, considerate in decision making
Brave to try new things
Open Minded Willing to accept critiques
Willing to take risk
slide 31
Protecting Your Ideas

Patent a grant from the Patent and Trademark Office to the inventor of a product, giving the exclusive right to make, use, or sell the invention for 20 years from the date of filing the patent application.
slide 32
The Steps to a Patent

Prosecute the patent application
Submit the patent application

Study search results Search existing patents Document the device Establish the inventions novelty

Trademark any distinctive word, symbol, design, name, logo, slogan, or trade dress a company uses to identify the origin of a product or to distinguish it from other goods on the market. Servicemark the same as a trademark except that it identifies the source of a service rather than a product.

(continued)
Copyright an exclusive right that protects the creators of original works of authorship such as literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works. Copyrighted material is denoted by the symbol .
slide 35
Innovation
CREATIVITY
INNOVATION
slide 36
Primary misconception innovation mainly technological
Misconceptions about Innovation
New, novel, creative

Innovation often confused with invention Discovery Invention Innovation Innovation can be managerial, legal, political
Innovation Definition 1
Innovation is an endeavour which produces a significant leap in the cost to benefit ratio Costs and benefits are defined in comprehensive ways
Costs: monetary, difficulty, inconvenience, physical risk

Benefits: Money, pleasure, health, fun, convenience
Innovation Examples
Optical communication systems bandwidth vs cost Flexible Manufacturing Systems: choice vs cost
Web-enabled processes: customer satisfaction vs cost (FedEx example) ATM Machines: convenience vs cost
Non-technological Innovations
Productivity Innovation: Ford cars (assembly line) Marketing innovation: Frequent Flier programs (Sticky customers, avoiding customer churn) Pricing innovation: Web-services model
slide 40
Non-technological Innovations
Branding innovation: Kingfisher Airline ? Legal Innovation: Patents, Limited liability companies Financial innovations: insurance, mutual funds, installment buying, home loans, credit cards, derivatives (futures and options), mortgagebacked securities
Innovation Major and Incremental

First time introduction a whole new market created SONY walkman, Mosaic WWW browser, Dial-up modems (using phone lines to send and receive data)
Incremental innovation: extensions ADSL modem (32 kbps to 1.5 mbps and simultaneous data and voice delivery)
Innovation Definition 2
Innovation endows resources with new capacity to deliver Economics Resources are scarce and limited Progressive societies efficiently allocate resources to the most promising activities
Production Possibility Frontier
THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION

(C.M. Christensen) Performance
Table: S-curve
Time and Effort

Continuation of Ongoing Innovation

Performance
Table: S-Curve
Time and Effort
slide 45
Innovation
Types of Innovation
INVENTION EXTENSION
DUPLICATION
SYNTHESIS
slide 46
Sources of Innovation
Unexpected Events New knowledge concept Changes of Demographics Process Needs
slide 47
Barriers to innovation
No encouragement by organizations Insufficient sources human resources, funds, facilities Traditional Management Behavior resist changes
slide 48
Barriers to Innovation
Personal / Individual Behaviors
Fear of trying Fear of making mistakes Improper motivation Fear of Change Fear of Failure Self-image block
slide 49
slide 50
slide 51
Why Creativity and Innovation are Important?

1. To ensure organizations survival 2. To explore new market
3. To exploit natural resources
slide 52
Strategies
Recognize your own ability Change your perception
Change your organizational culture
Dare to Fail
slide 53
INNOVATION PROCESS & THE INNOVATION CHAIN EQUATION

Developed by J.R Bright (1969) provides an eight-stage of the innovation process.
slide 54
INNOVATION PROCESS & CHAIN EQUATION

Stage 8 Stage 7 Stage 6 Stage 5 Stage 4 Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
slide 55
Stage 1
The innovation begins in one or both of two ways. One is by suggestion and/or discovery; that is from the speculations and/or discoveries of scientist, or possibly craftspeople in pursuing their activities. Another way is by perception of an environmental market need or opportunity.
Stage 2
This is the proposed theory or design concept; that is, the synthesizing of existing knowledge and techniques to provide the theoretical basis for the technical concept. This synthesis usually occurs after considerable trial and error.
slide 57
Stage 3
The verification of the theory or design concept followed.
Stage 4
The laboratory demonstration of the applicability of the concept, such as the development of the breadboard model in electronics.
email: drhamka@yahoo.com slide 58
Stage 5
Alternative versions of the concept are evaluated and developed to be defined as the full scale approach. At his stage, a prototype is developed and subjected to field trials. Alternatively, a pilot production plant produces small quantities of the new product which may be submitted to test markets or clinical trials.
Stage 6
The commercial introduction or initial operational use of the innovation
Stage 7
The widespread adoption of the innovation when its scale and scope of usage are sufficient to generate substantial cash flows in the producing enterprises and significant societal impacts.
Stage 8
Proliferation, when either the generic product (e.g: radar to detect speeding motorist) or the generics technology (e.g: microwave technology in cooking ovens) is adapted for use in newly defined markets.
slide 61
INNOVATION IN PRACTICE
Innovation is a dynamic process A continuing occurrence in our everyday business life and they are mostly minor in nature Example: A color television set. What changes (technical design & appearance) could you suggest?
A deviation from the earlier model or add functions These changes are ongoing, and vital to the continued success of the business
slide 63
Stage Date 1 1846 Person Michael Faraday Activities Discovered an interrelationship between electricity & magnetism through observation leading to scientific suggestion Electromagnetic wave theory Experimental detection (verification of the existence) of electromagnetic waves
2 3
1864 1886
James Maxwell Heinrich Hertz
4
5
1892
1894
William Crookes
Oliver Lodge
Suggests their use in wireless communication

Laboratory demonstration of use
Stage Date 6 7 8 9 1896 1897 Person Activities Guglielmo Recognized the potential utility of Marconi wireless telegraphy Guglielmo Commercial introduction Marconi
1910- Guglielmo Increasing adoption Crippen1912 Marconi Titanic effect Later Many Proliferation-radio industry, radar, TV industry, etc. Discuss the technological innovation above and identify factors that need to be given considerations upon making an
innovation.
The process of Invention, Design and Innovation

Invention
Practical but unrealized inventions
Basic design concept

Physical arrangement of materials/ hardware/information New needs, new users & markets Competitive designing & redesigning, ongoing improvements of product: lower price, modified specifications
Design for commercial realization of invention
Innovative products designed for selected markets
Design development
Innovation
Continuous innovation
slide 66
Conclusion
Applicable Adaptation Exploitation Expansion
Fulfilling Needs
Acceptance of an Idea
slide 67

SPE3002 Entrerpeneurship - Creativity and Innovation w8

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Descrição original:

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

SPE3002 Entrerpeneurship - Creativity and Innovation w8

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

SPE3002/SPK5002 COMMERCE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

WEEK 8 28 AUGUST 3 SEPTEMBER 2006

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind: From Ideas to Reality

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Creativity and Innovation

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Failure: Just Part of the Creative Process!

On average, new products account for 40% of companies sales!!

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Can We Learn to Be Creative?

Birds Model of Entrepreneurial Intentionality

Rational, analytic thinking, goaldirected behavior

Intuitive thinking, vision

Right-Brained, Creative Thinkers

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Right-Brained, Creative Thinkers

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Linear Creat ivit y

Lat eral Creat ivit y

Experience Growt h Expansion

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Increasing Personal Creativity

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Tips for Enhancing Organizational Creativity

Tips for Enhancing Individual Creativity

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Creative Thinking Process

Evaluation and Implementation

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

The Creative Process

How to Create Creative Ideas

How to Create Creative Ideas

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Techniques for Improving the Creative Process

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Techniques for Improving the Creative Process

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Characteristics of Creative Individuals

Passionate about work, Yet objective about it

High Self-Control Goal directed, deliberate, considerate in decision making

Brave to try new things

Open Minded Willing to accept critiques

Willing to take risk

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Protecting Your Ideas

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

The Steps to a Patent

Submit the patent application

Protecting Your Ideas

Protecting Your Ideas

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Mohd. Khata Bin Jabor

Primary misconception innovation mainly technological