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Aerodynamics PDR #1

Objective
To examine airfoil choices
To examine wing shape choices
Structural and Manufacturing Concerns

Airfoil Selection
Manufacturability

Structure

Short building time and


inexperience requires
simple manufacturing

Aerodynamics
Low Cd
High L/D
High Clmax

Thin airfoil selection may


not allow for sufficient
structure (< 10%)

Method
Historical Data

NASG Airfoil Database

Airfoil Analysis Selig Airfoils


All data from NASG airfoil database http://www.nasg.com
Cl vs. Angle of Attack

S1210
1.5

S1223
S2048
S2055
S2091

Cl

S3010
S3014
S3016
S3021
S4061

0.5

S4062
S4083
S4180
0
-5

-0.5
Alpha (deg)

10

15

Drag Polar
0.1

0.09

0.08
S1210
S1223

0.07

S2048
S2055

0.06

S2091

Cd

S3010
0.05

S3014
S3016
S3021

0.04

S4061
S4062

0.03

S4083
S4180

0.02

0.01

0
-0.5

0.5

1
Cl

1.5

2.5

Cl vs. Alpha
2.5

1.5

Cl

S1210
S1223
1

0.5

0
-5

5
Alpha (deg)

10

15

Drag Polar
0.05

0.045

0.04

0.035

Cd

0.03
S1210

0.025

S1223

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0

0.5

1.5
Cl

Endurance L/D
140

120

100

L^(3/2)/D

80
S1210
S1223
60

40

20

0
-10

-5

5
Alpha (deg)

10

15

20

Raw Wind Tunnel Data


S1210

S1223

ALPHA

Cl

Cd

L^(3/2)/D

Velocity

ALPHA

Cl

Cd

(L/D)^3/2

Velocity

-5.1

0.294

0.0203

7.852808

38.45585

-2.68

0.642

0.04

12.86005

26.02367

-4.1

0.447

0.0148

20.19294

31.18763

-1.02

0.961

0.0168

56.07584

21.27034

-3.05

0.586

0.0116

38.67127

27.23876

0.48

1.131

0.0164

73.34155

19.60671

-2.03

0.698

0.0116

50.27188

24.95792

2.05

1.282

0.0187

77.623

18.41586

-1.03

0.796

0.0126

56.36364

23.37112

3.6

1.429

0.02

85.41189

17.44295

0.02

0.904

0.0135

63.66766

21.93067

5.1

1.548

0.0212

90.84909

16.7591

1.01

1.005

0.0138

73.00793

20.79951

6.61

1.671

0.0232

93.10579

16.1305

2.09

1.116

0.0146

80.75017

19.73804

8.21

1.8

0.0257

93.96706

15.54175

3.1

1.217

0.0151

88.9117

18.90126

9.7

1.91

0.0281

93.93852

15.08757

4.13

1.316

0.0157

96.15773

18.17641

11.22

2.016

0.0307

93.23896

14.68557

5.15

1.409

0.0158

105.8545

17.56631

12.84

2.116

0.0336

91.60817

14.33436

6.17

1.493

0.0163

111.9186

17.065

14.74

2.175

0.0371

86.45995

14.1386

7.13

1.571

0.0172

114.4816

16.63596

16.38

2.217

0.0454

72.70976

14.00404

8.23

1.66

0.0183

116.8722

16.18386

9.14

1.721

0.0195

115.7808

15.89446

10.23

1.778

0.0224

105.8399

15.6376

11.27

1.812

0.0273

89.3459

15.4902

12.27

1.835

0.0339

73.32539

15.39281

S1210 Geometry
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

y/c

0.1

0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5
x/c

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Wing Shapes

Elliptical
Twist
Taper
Sweep
Hard to build; unless use foam
Time consuming to build

Wing Shapes
Aspect Ratio Sizing
High AR decreases Cdi
High AR produces small chord length at given area
Small chord produces small thickness
Building concerns
Structure concerns

Wing Selection
Use a rectangular wing
with no twist, taper or
sweep
Easy to build
Taper, sweep, and twist
effects will most likely not
be worth the difficulty of
manufacturing

Aspect Ratio Sizing


AR between 5 and 7
Area about 10.9 feet2
From constraints and
weight of 6 lbf

Chord about 1.5 feet


Reduced structural
and manufacturing
concerns

Span about 8.0 feet


Portability as two
piece wing

Vertical and Horizontal Tail


Flat Plate

Easy Manufacturing
Easy Analysis (Drag & Lift)
Easy Modeling (Controls & Feedback)
Sizing complete by Aerodynamics PDR#2

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