Page 1

By:
1. Yoanita Warapsari - 22212011
2. Singgih Suganda - 22212015
3. Subihi Eka Prasetya - 22212049
4. Ghadafi Maksum - 22212079

Page 2
INTRODUCTION:

When well is producing, there is a pressure drop along the wellbore,
and then propagate through the reservoir radius with function of time
Page 3
Occured when Pressure propagation
hasnt reached the reservoir boundary.
P = Pi at t = 0, for all r
P = Pi at r = infinite, for all t
(solution will be explained in ch. 7)
[Ei solution]

Stabilized Flow Condition
Flow condition based on the Pressure Propagation
Stabilized flow
Unstabilized flow Unstabilized flow
Unstabilized Flow Condition
Will be describe in the next slide

What is Stabilized flow Condition?
Recall:
When well is producing, there is a
pressure drop along the wellbore,
and then propagate through the
reservoir radius with function of
time
When the pressure propagation
has reached the reservoir
boundary, and continues to flow, it
called Stabilized flow Conditions.
1 PI equation
Knowing the Skin effect (wellbore damage)
Knowing the steam soaking effect
Effect of Stimulation to PI ratio
Knowing the Volumetric Res. (ch. 7)
Knowing the reservoir variabel (ch. 7)
2
3
4
5
6
7
Knowing the Reservoir shape (ch. 7)
Type of Flow:
-Semi-steady state condition






- Steady-state condition
Steady-state Semi-steady state
Stabilized
flow
Applications
Steady state
Semi-steady state

Stabilized
flow
Applications
Semi-steady state conditions

Figure of Pressure distribution and geometry
appropriate for the solution of the radial diffusivity
equation under semi-state conditions
Semi steady state :
constant ,

Chain Rule :

q





=
c
c
t
p
t
V
q
t cons
c
c
=
tan
t
p
p
V
t
V
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
t
p
V C
t
V
t
c
c
=
c
c
V
t
p
p
V
V c
c
c
c
=
1
V c
q
t
p
t
=
c
c
| t h r c
q
t
p
e
2
=
c
c
Mathematic Equation
Radial Flow




Integrating this equation

At the outer no-flow boundary

integrating









t
p
k
c
r
p
r
r r c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
c
c
.
1 |
h r k
q
e
2
t
=
1
2
2
2
C
kh r
r q
r
p
r
e
+ =
c
c
t

0 =
c
c
r
p
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
c
c
=
2
1
1
2
,
2
e
r
r
r kh
q
r
p
so
kh
q
C
t

| |
r
rw
e
p
p
r
r
r
kh
q
p
r
wf
(

=
2
2
2
ln
2t

Mathematic Equation contd

negligible
In the case when r = r
e


PI relationship :


And then determination
or then








|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
2
2
2
2
2 2
ln
2
e e
wf r
r
rw
r
r
rw
r
kh
q
p p
t

|
.
|

\
|
+ = S
rw
r
kh
q
p p
e
wf e
2
1
ln
2t

|
.
|

\
|
+
=

=
S
rw
re
kh
p p
q
PI
wf e
2
1
ln
2

t
}
}
=
re
rw
re
rw
dV
pdV
p
( ) | t
| t
h r r
dr rh p
p
w e
re
rw
2 2
2

=
}
}

=
re
rw
w e
prdr
r r
p
2 2
2
2
e
r ~
}
=
re
rw
e
prdr
r
p
2
2
Mathematic Equation contd
Combine with previous equation, then





Inflow equation with average pressure :



} |
|
.
|

\
|
=
re
rw
e e
wf
dr
r
r
rw
r
r
kh
q
r
p p
2
2
2
2
ln
2
2
t

4
ln
2
ln
2 2
e e
re
rw
r
rw
re r
dr
rw
r
r ~
}
8 2
2
2
3
e
re
rw e
r
dr
r
r
~
}
|
.
|

\
|
+ = S
rw
r
kh
q
p p
e
wf
4
3
ln
2t

Mathematic Equation contd

Steady-state condition
Steady state solution well flow for
production when cP/ ct =0
Steady-state condition Darcys Law for radial flow of
single phase oil
STEADY STATE SOLUTION
dr
dp kA
q

=
From Darcys Law for radial flow of single
phase oil :
rh A t 2 =
dr
dp rkh
q

t 2
=
dr
r kh
q
dp
r
r
P
P
w wf
} }
=
1
2t

w
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
Where
STEADY STATE SOLUTION
Equation for steady state :
w
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
Since the outer boundary pressure
cannot be measured directly,
therefore need P average within
drainage volume.
}
}
=
e
w
e
w
r
r
r
r
dV
pdV
P
dr rh dV | t 2 =
}
}
=
e
w
e
w
r
r
r
r
dr rh
dr rh p
P
| t
| t
2
2
( ) | t
| t
h r r
dr rh p
P
w e
r
r
e
w
2 2
2

=
}
( )
}

=
e
w
r
r w e
prdr
r r
P
2 2
2
STEADY STATE SOLUTION
w
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
}
=
e
w
r
r e
prdr
r
P
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
) / 1 (
e e w e w e
r r r r r r = =
( )
}

=
e
w
r
r w e
prdr
r r
P
2 2
2
Substituting
} |
|
.
|

\
|
=
e
w
r
r w e
wf
rdr
r
r
In
kh
q
r
P P
t

2
2
2
} |
|
.
|

\
|
=
e
w
r
r w e
dr
r
r
In r
kh
q
r t

2
2
2
dr
r
r
w
kh
q
r
e
w
e
w
r
r
r
r
e
r
r
In
r
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
}
(

=
t

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
1
2
w
e
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

4 2 2
2
2 2
2
e
w
e e
e
r
r
r
In
r
kh
q
r
=
t

General Solutions for Stabilized flow Condition

w
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
w
e
wf e
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
1
2
w
e
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
4
3
2
w
e
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
2
2 2
e w
wf
r
r
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
1
2
w
e
wf e
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

Steady State Semi Steady State

General relationship
between P and r
Inflow equation,
P = Pe at r = re
Inflow equation,
average pressure
In field units ( stb/d, psi, mD, ft)

Replaced by

Skin factor is involved with artificially changing the
wellbore radius rw




rw effective wellbore radius due to skin

Formation damage k decrease skin positive
Well is stimulated k increase skin negative
Steady State Solutions
kh
q
t

2 kh
B q
o
2 . 141
|
|
.
|

\
|

'
=
4
3
2
w
e
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

s
w w
e r r

=
'
Applications of Stabilized flow solution
1 Stimulating Well by steam soaking
Flow simulating in wellbore damage condition
Skin prediction
PI ratio
2
3
4
Stimulated well dy steam soaking
Viscosity
Difference
Temperature
Difference
Steam Soaking Stimulated Well
A well is stimulated by steam soaking.
For rw < r < rh Ts is uniform = Steam temperature
For r > rh Apply Tr as reservoir temperature
Where Viscosity of the oil at Ts
and Viscosity of the oil at Tr

oh

oc

Stabilized Flow Equation for Steam Soaking

w
oh
wf r
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
h
oc
h r
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
Inflow equation under steady state flow
condition :
h w
r r r s <
e h
r r r < s
w
h oh
wf h
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
h
e oc
h e
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
h
e
oc
w
h
oh wf e
r
r
In
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t 2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
h
e
w
h
oc
oh oc
wf e
r
r
In
r
r
In
kh
q
P P

2
For stimulated well
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
h h
w
h
e
w
h
oc
oh oc
wf e
r
rw
In
r
r
In
r
r
In
r
r
In
kh
q
P P

2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
w
oc
r
re
In S
kh
q
t

2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
w w
h
w
h
oc
oh oc
r
re
In
r
r
In
r
r
In
kh
q

2
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
w
h
w
h
oc
oh
r
r
In
r
r
In S

w
e oc
wf e
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

2
=
Inflow equation for Unstimulated well :
well ed unstimulat PI
well stimulated PI
increase ratio PI =
w
e oc
h
e
w
h
oc
oh oc
r
r
In
kh
q
q
r
r
In
r
r
In
kh
q
q
t

2
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
Then the effect on productivity index due to steam
soaking :
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
h
e
w
h
oc
oh
w
e
r
r
In
r
r
In
r
r
In

Stabilized Flow Equation for Steam Soaking

Wellbore Damage
Wellbore Damage
Skin Factor
There will be a skin factor due to
wellbore damage
PI stimulated
In order to increase permebility
value besause of skin factor,
stimulating well applied. And this
method will increase the PI value
APPLICATION OF THE STABILIZED INFLOW EQUATIONS

IN WELLBORE DAMAGE
The inflow equations appropriate for the pressure distribution shown
In particular,
a. Skin Factor
i.e.
Skin Factor
b. PI ratio
Case: During drilling, a well is damaged out to a radius of 4 ft from
the wellbore so that the permeability within the damaged zone is
reduced to 1/100 th of the undamaged effective permeability. After
completion the well is stimulated so that the permeability out to a
distance of 10 ft from the wellbore is increased to ten times the
undamaged permeability. What will be the PI ratio increase if the
wellbore radius is 0.333 ft and the drainage radius 660 ft?
since,
2 General solution for Steady state flow:
Conclusions
1 General solution for Semi-steady state flow:
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
4
3
2
w
e
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
1
2
w
e
wf
r
r
In
kh
q
P P
t

3 Solution form stabilized flow eq, is used to

-Determining the skin effect
-PI equation and its ratio
-Well test applications (ch. 7)
32
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Questions?
THANK YOU