Transducers&Sensors

PRESENTED BY DASARI.KOTESWARA RAO ECE DEPARTMENT PRAKASAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KANDUKUR MAIL:anasuya.athri@gmail.com

AGENDA
WHAT ARE TRANSDUCERS TYPES OF TRANSDUCERS APLLICATIONS OF TRANSDUCERS TRANSDUCERS ACTS AS SENSORS APPLICATIONS OF SENSORS ANTENNA ACTS AS TRANSDUCER PHOTORESISTIVE TRANSDUCERS CONCLUSION

Transducers&Sensors

A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to another. Energy types include (but are not limited to) electronic , mechanical, electromagnetic (including light), chemical, acoustic or thermal energy.
While the term transducer commonly implies the use of a sensor/detector, any device which converts energy can be considered a transducer. Transducers are widely used in measuring instruments.

Types of Transducers

Electromagnetic Electromechanical Electro acoustic Electrostatic Thermoelectric Radio acoustic Electrochemical Electronic & Natural Transducers

There are two types of transducers. Input transducers Output transducers

a.
b. c.

d.
e. f. g.

Input Transducers phototransistors thermistors microphones Speakers Piezoelectric photo resistors sensors

Output Transducers

light emitting diodes b. Piezoelectric buzzers c. speakers

a.

Electromagnetic Transducers
converts electromagnetic waves into electric current and vice versa. Cathode ray tube (CRT) converts electrical signals into visual form Fluorescent lamp, light bulb converts electrical power into visible light. Photodetector or photoresistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) converts changes in light levels into resistance changes.
Antenna

Electromagnetic Transducers
head converts changing magnetic fields into electrical form Hall effect sensor converts a magnetic field level into electrical form only Disk read-and-write head - converts electrical digital signal into magnetic fields . Magnetic cartridge converts motion into electrical form.
Tape

Antennas

An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. Antennas are essential components of all equipment that uses radio. They are used in systems such as radio, broadcast television, two-way radio, communications receivers & satellite communications etc.,

Antennas
Parabolic antenna Yagi antenna

Cell phone base station antenna&Wi-Fi WestNet base station antennas

Cathode Ray Tube

The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons or electron emitter) and a fluorescent screen used to view images. It has a means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam onto the fluorescent screen to create the images. The earliest version of the CRT was invented by the German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1897 and is also known as the Braun tube.

Inner parts of a CRT

A CRT inner parts

1. Three Electron guns (for red, green, and blue phosphor dots) 2. Electron beams 3. Focusing coils 4. Deflection coils 5. Anode connection 6. Mask for separating beams for red, green, and blue part of displayed image 7. Phosphor layer with red, green, and blue zones 8. Close-up of the phosphor-coated inner side of the screen

PHOTO DETECTOR

A magnetic cartridge is a transducer used for the playback of gramophone records on a turntable or phonograph. It converts mechanical vibrational energy from a stylus riding in a spiral record groove into an electrical signal that is subsequently amplified and then converted back to sound by a loudspeaker system.

Photo detector or photo resistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) converts changes in light levels into resistance changes.

ElectromechanicalTransducers
Electroactive

polymers Galvanometer Microelectromechanical systems Rotary motor, linear motor Vibration powered generator Potentiometer when used for measuring position

ElectromechanicalTransducers
cell converts force to mV/V electrical signal using strain gauge Accelerometer Strain gauge String potentiometer Air flow sensor Tactile sensor
Load

GALVONOMETER

A galvanometer is a type of ammeter: an instrument for detecting and measuring electric current. It is an analog electromechanical transducer that produces a rotary deflection of some type of pointer in response to electric current flowing through its coil in a magnetic field.

Electroacoustic Transducers

Loudspeaker, earphone converts electrical signals into sound (amplified signal magnetic field motion air pressure) Microphone converts sound into an electrical signal (air pressure motion of conductor/coil magnetic field signal) (magnetism electricity (signal)) Piezoelectric crystal converts solid-state electrical modulations into an electrical signal (vibration electrical current signal) Geophone converts a ground movement (displacement) into voltage (vibrations motion of conductor/coil magnetic field signal)

Electroacoustic Transducers
Gramophone pickup (air pressure motion magnetic field signal) Hydrophone converts changes in water pressure into an electrical form Sonar transponder (water pressure motion of conductor/coil magnetic field signal) Photoelectric: Laser diode, light-emitting diode converts electrical power into forms of light Photodiode, photoresistor, phototransistor, photo multiplier tube converts changing light levels into electrical form

CONCLUSION
Finally, "The energy neither be created nor be destroyed.It convert from one form to another. That conversion work successfully done by the transducers. The strange thing is that Human can also be acts as antenna,tranducer&sensors .

QUIRIES?

THANQ
DASARI.KOTESWARA RAO
THANKTT