Escolar Documentos
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Keerthi Sagar J
Molecular modification
Rational drug designing Designing of a Prodrug
behavior etc. Eg: Morphine, Atropine, Digitalis, Penicillin Limitations: Cumbersome , Time consuming, Expensive, Might not have fruitful results
Molecular modification
Rational drug designing Designing of a Prodrug
chance New use of old drug Side effects find a new therapeutic use Eg: Lignocaine, Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Cyclophosphamide, Minodoxil
Molecular modification
Rational drug designing Designing of a Prodrug
analogues of drugs Advantage in pharmacokinetic parameters Decrease toxicity Eg: Thaizides Limitations: Me too Drugs
Molecular modification
Rational drug designing Designing of a Prodrug
Molecular modification
Rational drug designing Designing of a Prodrug
Sochlet Apparatus
HPTLC
NMR Spectrophotometer X- Ray Crystallography
Invitro methods
Bioassay
Direct end point assay Quantal assay
Graded assay
a. b.
c.
d.
In vivo studies
Animal studies for behavior Eddys Hot Plate Elevated plus maze Rota rod apparatus Electroconvulsiometer
Toxicity studies
Acute toxicity
Subacute toxicity Chronic toxicity
Special toxicity Male fertility studies Female fertility studies Teratogenicity Carcinogenicity
Clinical trials
Schedule Y Drugs & Cosmetics Rules 2005 [Ministry
of Health & Family Welfare] Definition : A systematic study of a new drug in human subjects to generate data for discovering and verifying the clinical, pharmacological & adverse effects with the objective of determining safety and efficacy of new drugs
Informed consent
Oral consent
Written consent