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Lesson Outline
What does society look like? What is sociology? Levels of Analysis The Sociological Perspective Starting your sociological journey
Humans cannot be understood apart from social context (i.e. society) Society makes us who we are by structuring out interactions and laying out an orderly world before us Society is a social construction, that is, it is an idea created by humans (i.e. doesnt exist in the biological world but only in the social world) through social interaction and given a reality through our understanding of it and our collective actions.
Introduction to Sociology: What is Sociology?
Baby Names
...Or, the names Ill begin seeing all the time in 2022-2028
Introduction to Sociology: What is Sociology?
Society
Society is a group of people who shape their lives in aggregated and patterned ways that distinguish their group from other groups.
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What is Sociology?
Sociology is the systematic or scientific study of human society and social behavior, from large-scale institutions and mass culture to small groups and individual interactions.
Sociology is also the study of reifications, or social constructions.
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Sociology
Howard Becker defined sociology as the study of people doing things together. This reminds us that society and the individual are inherently connected, and each depends on the other. Sociologists study this link: how society affects the individual and how the individual affects society.
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Levels of Analysis
We can study society from different levels: Microsociology is the level of analysis that studies face-to-face and small-group interactions in order to understand how they affect the larger patterns and institutions of society. Microsociology focuses on small-scale issues.
Ex: Symbolic Interactionism
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Pam Fishman took a micro-level approach to studying issues of power in malefemale relationships. She found that in conversation, women ask nearly three times as many questions as men do, perhaps because a speaker is much more likely to ask a question if he or she does not expect to get a response by simply making a statement.
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Christine Williams took a macro-level approach to studying women in maledominated occupations and men in femaledominated occupations. She found that women in male-dominated positions faced limits on their advancement (the glass ceiling), while men in femaledominated positions experienced rapid rates of advancement (the glass escalator).
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When conducting research, methodology involves the process by which one gathers and analyzes data. Quantitative research translates the social world into numbers that can be treated mathematically; this type of research often tries to find cause-and-effect relationships. Any type of social statistic is an example of quantitative research.
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Qualitative research works with nonnumerical data such as texts, fieldnotes, interview transcripts, photographs, and tape recordings; this type of research often tries to understand how people make sense of their world. Participant observation, in which the researcher actually takes part in the social world he or she studies, is an example of qualitative research.
Introduction to Sociology: What is Sociology?
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In small groups: How would you explain the following social problems using the sociological imagination/perspective?
Obesity Homelessness/Poverty Unemployment Marriage
The metropolis
War
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One way to gain a sociological perspective is to attempt to create in ourselves a sense of culture shock, which is a sense of disorientation that occurs when one enters a radically new social or cultural environment.
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Bernard McGrane suggests that people wanting to use a sociological perspective should utilize a beginners mind, which means approaching the world without preconceptions in order to see things in a new way.
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An important distinction can be made between the everyday actor, who has the practical knowledge needed to get through daily life, but not necessarily the scientific or technical knowledge of how things work,
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Humans cannot be understood apart from the social context they live in (society, culture and time + place) The world around us profoundly shapes and influences who we are, how we behave and even how/what we think. It is the job of the sociologist to understand how this process works and to what effect.
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Lesson Quiz
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a social science? a. biology b. political science c. psychology d. economics
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Lesson Quiz
2. Sociology is defined as: a. the scientific study of humans. b. the study of ancient cultures and behavior. c. the study of how the brain works. d. the study of human society and social behavior.
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Lesson Quiz
3. __________ is the level of analysis that studies face-to-face and small-group interactions in order to understand how those interactions affect the larger patterns and institutions of society. a. Microsociology b. Macrosociology c. Sociology d. Social science
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Lesson Quiz
4. The glass escalator effect refers to the: a. limits on the advancement of women in the workplace. b. limits on the advancement of men in the workplace. c. rapid rate of upward mobility for women. d. rapid rate of upward mobility for men in female-dominated workplaces.
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Lesson Quiz
5. A sense of disorientation that occurs when you enter a radically new social or cultural environment is called: a. cultural mind. b. culture shakes. c. cultural fear. d. culture shock.
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