A MULTIHOP COMMUNICATION

LINK DESIGN
FOR NETWORK EXPANSION
OF COMPANY X IN BAY,
LAGUNA
TO LUMBAN, LAGUNA
VIA PILA AND MAGDALENA
AKYAT BAHAY
Researchers:
Caritos, Benille Maria Ariza A.
Hagacer, Elmon Christopher O.

INTRODUCTION

What is Company X?
A mobile telecommunication service provider
in the Philippines
It
is
currently
the
third
largest
telecommunications
company
in
the
Philippines
Pioneered the intra-network unlimited wireless
services in the Philippines

What are the Problems?

What are the different parameters to be
considered that can affect the microwave
communication link?
What are the equipment and mathematical
calculations that must be considered to design
a microwave communication link?
Is the microwave communication link design is
reliable?

What are the Objectives?

Determine the different parameters that can
affect the performance of the microwave
communication link.
Specified the equipment and mathematical
calculations to be used to accomplish a reliable
microwave communication link.
To prove that the microwave communication
link design is reliable

The study is limited to the following:

Site Selection
Azimuth Calculation
Path Distance
Frequency Selection
Path Profile
Antenna Height

The study is limited to the following:

Line of Sight
Fresnel Zone ( limited to 150% Upper and
Lower )
Reflection Point Consideration
Path Calculations
Fade Margin
Reliability Calculation

Technical studies

Proposed Communication Link

Site Location
Site
A
B

C
D

Location
Brgy. Masaya, Bay, Laguna
Brgy. Tubuan, Pila, Laguna
Brgy. Munting Ambling,
Magdalena, Laguna
Brgy. Bagong Silang,
Lumban, Laguna

Latitude
14 9'5.20"N
1413'47.29"N

Longitude
12116'57.59"E
12120'44.11"E

1412'26.31"N

12126'18.51"E

1417'56.09"N

12128'16.77"E

Terrain Type
One Lane Wide Road
Swamp, Rice Fields
Streams
Orchard; Scattered Trees
Densely Built-Up Areas
Sparsely To Moderately Built-Up Areas
Railroad
Woodland; Tropical Grass

Aerial View of the Sites

Multihop Design Characteristics

Parameters

1st Hop

2nd Hop

3rd Hop

Location

Bay to Pila

Pila to Magdalena

Magdalena
to Lumban

Distance per hop

11km

10km

11km

Height of Highest
Possible
Obstruction

17m

49m

51m

Possible Obstruction

First Hop

Possible Obstruction

Second Hop

Possible Obstruction

Third Hop

Multihop Design Characteristics

Parameters

1st Hop

2nd Hop

3rd Hop

Azimuth

375339.41

755736

19941.81

217 5434.99

2555848

199120

15.13m

12.5 m

15.13m

Minimum
Elevation

Frequency Selection
The operating frequency is the
average of 7.125 GHz 7.750 GHz
which is 7.44 GHz. This frequency
arrangement
is
under
the
International
Telecommunications
Union Regulation (ITU-R).

K Factor
The researchers considered K-factor
equal to 4/3 to provide the best
improvement in the present company
system.

Path Profile: First Hop

Distance from
Bay (km)

Distance from
Pila (km)

Path Elevation
(m)

Earth Bulge
(m) using
k=4/3

Ground
Elevation (m)

Average height
of Trees (m)

Total Height of
Obstruction
(THO) (m)

Terrain Type
(m)

11

18

18

18

site (Bay)

0.31

10.69

17

0.194935294

17.19493529

25

42.19493529

scattered trees

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

13
11
8
7
5
5
7
7

0.588235294
1.058823529
1.411764706
1.647058824
1.764705882
1.764705882
1.647058824
1.411764706

13.58823529
12.05882353
9.411764706
8.647058824
6.764705882
6.764705882
8.647058824
8.411764706

25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25

38.58823529
37.05882353
34.41176471
33.64705882
31.76470588
31.76470588
33.64705882
33.41176471

rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field

1.058823529

7.058823529

25

32.05882353

scattered trees

10

0.588235294

5.588235294

25

30.58823529

11

Legend:

Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations

populated
place
site (Pila)

Path Profile: Second Hop

Distance from
Pila (km)

Distance from
Magdalena
(km)

Path Elevation
(m)

Earth Bulge
(m) using
k=4/3

Ground
Elevation (m)

Average height
of Trees (m)

Total Height of
Obstruction
(THO) (m)

Terrain Type
(m)

0
1
2
3

10
9
8
7

6
8
15
19

0
0.529411765
0.941176471
1.235294118

6
8.529411765
15.94117647
20.23529412

0
25
25
25

6
33.52941176
40.94117647
45.23529412

site (Pila)
rice field
rice field
rice field

25

1.411764706

26.41176471

25

51.41176471

scattered trees

34

1.470588235

35.47058824

25

60.47058824

scattered trees

30

1.411764706

31.41176471

25

56.41176471

scattered trees

39

1.235294118

40.23529412

25

65.23529412

scattered trees

45

0.941176471

45.94117647

25

70.94117647

scattered trees

8.35

1.65

49

0.810441176

49.81044118

25

74.81044118

scattered trees

47

0.529411765

47.52941176

25

72.52941176

10

48

48

48

Legend:

Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations

populated
place
site
(Magdalena)

Path Profile: Third Hop

Distance from
Magdalena
(km)

Distance from
Lumban (km)

Path Elevation
(m)

Earth Bulge
(m) using
k=4/3

Ground
Elevation (m)

Average height
of Trees (m)

Total Height of
Obstruction
(THO) (m)

11

50

50

50

10

32

0.588235294

32.58823529

25

57.58823529

site
(Magdalena)
scattered trees

30

1.058823529

31.05882353

25

56.05882353

scattered trees

27

1.411764706

28.41176471

25

53.41176471

scattered trees

14

1.647058824

15.64705882

25

40.64705882

scattered trees

15

1.764705882

16.76470588

25

41.76470588

scattered trees

45

1.764705882

46.76470588

25

71.76470588

6.24

4.76

51

1.7472

52.7472

25

77.7472

7
8
9

4
3
2

28
17
20

1.647058824
1.411764706
1.058823529

29.64705882
18.41176471
21.05882353

25
25
25

54.64705882
43.41176471
46.05882353

10

36

0.588235294

36.58823529

25

61.58823529

11

46

46

46

scattered trees
scattered trees
at high
elevated path
scattered trees
rice field
rice field
densely build
up areas
site (Lumban)

Legend:

Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations

Terrain Type
(m)

Antenna Height
Assumption of Antenna Height of
Site B = 55m

Considering the path elevation of 6m,

possible height of 25m trees and
grasses, and vertical clearance of 30m,

Antenna Height
Calculating the following Antenna
Height:
Site A

43m

Site C
Site D

:
:

56m
56m

Line of Sight and 1st Fresnel Zone

The two parameters are calculated to
assure that the communication link
designs are free from obstruction.

LOS and 1st Fresnel Zone: First Hop

Distance
from
Bay (km)

Distance
from
Pila (km)

First Fresnel
Zone (F1) (m)

60% of F1 (m)

11

0.31

10.69

3.481232203

10

Line of Sight
(LOS) (m)

Upper F1 (m)

Lower F1 (m)

Upper 60% of
F1 (m)

Lower 60% of
F1 (m)

Upper 150%
of F1 (m)

Lower 150%
of F1 (m)

61.00085731

61.00085731

61.00085731

61.00085731

61.00085731

61.00085731

61.00085731

2.088739322

5.221848305

61.02901497

64.51024717

57.54778276

63.11775429

58.94027565

66.25086327

55.80716666

6.047324768

3.628394861

9.070987152

61.09168846

67.13901323

55.0443637

64.72008332

57.4632936

70.16267562

52.02070131

8.113337558

4.868002535

12.17000634

61.18251962

69.29585718

53.06918206

66.05052215

56.31451708

73.35252595

49.01251328

9.368475247

5.621085148

14.05271287

61.27335077

70.64182602

51.90487552

66.89443592

55.65226562

75.32606364

47.2206379

10.1191098

6.071465881

15.1786647

61.36418192

71.48329173

51.24507212

67.43564781

55.29271604

76.54284663

46.18551722

10.47427375

6.284564249

15.71141062

61.45501308

71.92928683

50.98073933

67.73957733

55.17044883

77.1664237

45.74360246

10.47427375

6.284564249

15.71141062

61.54584423

72.02011798

51.07157048

67.83040848

55.26127998

77.25725485

45.83443361

10.1191098

6.071465881

15.1786647

61.63667539

71.75578519

51.51756558

67.70814127

55.5652095

76.81534009

46.45801068

9.368475247

5.621085148

14.05271287

61.72750654

71.09598179

52.35903129

67.34859169

56.10642139

75.78021941

47.67479367

8.113337558

4.868002535

12.17000634

61.81833769

69.93167525

53.70500013

66.68634023

56.95033516

73.98834403

49.64833136

10

6.047324768

3.628394861

9.070987152

61.90916885

67.95649361

55.86184408

65.53756371

58.28077399

70.980156

52.83818169

11

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

Legend:

150% of F1
(m)

Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations

Graphical Representation of Path

Profile including LOS and Fn

LOS and 1st Fresnel Zone: Second Hop

Distan
ce
from
Pila
(km)
0

Distance
from
Magdalena
(km)

First Fresnel
Zone (F1) (m)

60% of F1
(m)

150% of F1
(m)

Line of Sight
(LOS) (m)

Upper F1 (m)

Lower F1 (m)

Upper 60% of
F1 (m)

Lower 60% of
F1 (m)

Upper 150%
of F1 (m)

Lower 150%
of F1 (m)

10

60.99355955

60.99355955

60.99355955

60.99355955

60.99355955

60.99355955

60.99355955

6.017012172

3.610207303

9.025518259

65.2942036

71.31121577

59.27719142

68.9044109

61.68399629

74.31972185

56.26868534

8.022682897

4.813609738

12.03402434

69.59484764

77.61753054

61.57216474

74.40845738

64.7812379

81.62887198

57.5608233

9.191137913

5.514682748

13.78670687

73.89549169

83.0866296

64.70435377

79.41017443

68.38080894

87.68219855

60.10878482

9.825739732

5.895443839

14.7386096

78.19613573

88.02187546

68.370396

84.09157957

72.30069189

92.93474533

63.45752613

10.02835362

6.017012172

15.04253043

82.49677978

92.5251334

72.46842615

88.51379195

76.4797676

97.53931021

67.45424934

9.825739732

5.895443839

14.7386096

86.79742382

96.62316355

76.97168409

92.69286766

80.90197998

101.5360334

72.05881422

9.191137913

5.514682748

13.78670687

91.09806787

100.2892058

81.90692995

96.61275061

85.58338512

104.8847747

77.311361

8.022682897

4.813609738

12.03402434

95.39871191

103.4213948

87.37602901

100.2123216

90.58510217

107.4327363

83.36468757

8.35

1.65

7.444659606

4.466795764

11.16698941

96.90393733

104.3485969

89.45927772

101.3707331

92.43714156

108.0709267

85.73694792

6.017012172

3.610207303

9.025518259

99.69935596

105.7163681

93.68234378

103.3095633

96.08914865

108.7248742

90.6738377

10

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

Legend:

Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations

Graphical Representation of Path

Profile including LOS and Fn

LOS and 1st Fresnel Zone: Third Hop

Distance
from
Magdalena
(km)

Distance
from
Lumban
(km)

First Fresnel
Zone (F1) (m)

60% of F1
(m)

11

10

6.047324768

Line of Sight
(LOS) (m)

Upper F1 (m)

Lower F1 (m)

Upper 60% of
F1 (m)

Lower 60% of
F1 (m)

Upper 150%
of F1 (m)

Lower 150%
of F1 (m)

105.9993247

105.9993247

105.9993247

105.9993247

105.9993247

105.9993247

105.9993247

3.628394861

9.070987152

105.6357498

111.6830745

99.588425

109.2641446

102.0073549

114.7067369

96.56476261

8.113337558

4.868002535

12.17000634

105.2721748

113.3855123

97.15883723

110.1401773

100.4041723

117.4421811

93.10216845

9.368475247

5.621085148

14.05271287

104.9085998

114.2770751

95.54012456

110.529685

99.28751466

118.9613127

90.85588694

10.1191098

6.071465881

15.1786647

104.5450248

114.6641346

94.42591503

110.6164907

98.47355895

119.7236895

89.36636013

10.47427375

6.284564249

15.71141062

104.1814499

114.6557236

93.70717611

110.4660141

97.89688561

119.8928605

88.47003924

10.47427375

6.284564249

15.71141062

103.8178749

114.2921486

93.34360113

110.1024391

97.53331063

119.5292855

88.10646426

6.24

4.76

10.42219187

6.253315119

15.6332878

103.7306169

114.1528088

93.30842502

109.983932

97.47730177

119.3639047

88.09732909

10.1191098

6.071465881

15.1786647

103.4542999

113.5734097

93.3351901

109.5257658

97.38283402

118.6329646

88.2756352

8
9

3
2

9.368475247
8.113337558

5.621085148
4.868002535

14.05271287
12.17000634

103.0907249
102.72715

112.4592002
110.8404875

93.72224968
94.61381239

108.7118101
107.5951525

97.46963978
97.85914742

117.1434378
114.8971563

89.03801206
90.55714362

10

6.047324768

3.628394861

9.070987152

102.363575

108.4108997

96.31625021

105.9919698

98.73518012

111.4345621

93.29258782

11

102

102

102

102

102

102

102

Legend:

150% of F1
(m)

Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations

Graphical Representation of Path

Profile including LOS and Fn

Reflection Point
The reflective areas identified by the
researchers are paths of the river
flowing along barangays.

Reflection Point: First Hop

Height of antenna
at Site A

Total Distance from

Site A to Site B

Distance of Point
A from Site A

Distance of Point
B from Site A

60.66

11

0.1

0.10331

10.9

10.89669

6618.864706

6405.07164

60.66

11

0.4

0.4067

10.6

10.5933

1613.85

1586.356428

60.66

11

0.42

0.42661

10.58

10.57339

1534.377392

1509.74929

60.66

11

0.66

0.68033

10.34

10.31967

956.2277176

925.9801942

60.66

11

0.83

0.83326

10.17

10.16674

748.8552285

745.7042962

60.66

11

0.87

0.87472

10.13

10.12528

711.8233878

707.6766388

60.66

11

1.06

1.06276

9.94

9.93724

574.0227543

572.3832916

60.66

11

1.36

1.36495

9.64

9.63505

434.6676

432.8802967

60.66

11

1.47

1.47801

9.53

9.52199

397.7767085

395.3039503

60.66

11

1.57

1.58031

9.43

9.41969

368.7063577

365.9174082

60.66

11

1.7

1.71292

9.3

9.28708

336.0035294

333.0230925

60.66

11

1.82

1.83249

9.18

9.16751

309.9407736

307.4230204

60.66

11

1.88

1.88743

9.12

9.11257

298.149579

296.7412601

60.66

11

3.00732

7.99268

164.1129412

163.5625213

60.66

11

3.16

3.18004

7.84

7.81996

152.6565337

151.3019016

60.66

11

3.31

3.33731

7.69

7.66269

142.9104297

141.229122

60.66

11

6.69

6.69747

4.31

4.30253

58.43004202

58.29069172

60.66

11

7.04

7.04945

3.96

3.95055

56.06744949

55.93847121

60.66

11

7.98

7.98927

3.02

3.01073

38.47651031

38.36253039

60.66

11

8.74

8.75098

2.26

2.24902

33.40379118

33.27405409

60.66

11

10.61

10.62613

0.39

0.37387

22.07541194

21.97781234

Distance of Point A Distance of Point B

to Site B
to Site B

Legend: Data Used in Sample Calculations

Height of Reflected Point

from point A

Height of Reflected Point

from point B

Reflection Point: Second Hop

Height of
antenna
at Site B

Total
Distance of
Distance
Point
from Site A from Site
B to Site C
B

Distance
of Point
B from
Site B

Distance
of Point
A
to Site C

Distance
of Point B
to Site C

Height of
Reflected
Point
from point A

Height of
Reflected
Point
from point B

61

10

0.45

0.45443

9.55

9.54557

1299.667614

1286.445667

61

10

5.45

5.6414

4.55

4.3586

50.68572315

46.80029296

Legend: Data Used in Sample Calculations

Reflection Point: Third Hop

Height of
antenna
at Site C

Total
Distance of
Distance
Point
from Site A from Site
C to Site D
C

Distance
of Point
B from
Site C

Distance
of Point
A
to Site D

Distance
of Point
B
to Site D

Height of
Reflected
Point
from point A

Height of
Reflected
Point
from point B

104.48

11

5.01

5.09028

5.77

5.68972

125.2625115

121.5841909

104.48

11

8.56

8.62014

2.22

2.15986

28.90328224

27.97139299

Legend: Data Used in Sample Calculations

System Specification
Antenna:
HP12-71
manufactured by Andrew
Radio Equipment: True Point
5000 manufactured by Harris
Waveguide:
EWP77-71
manufactured by Andrew

Multihop Design Characteristics

Parameters

1st Hop

2nd Hop

3rd Hop

Total System Gain

118dB

118dB

118dB

Total System Loss

139.83dB

139.78dB

140.67dB

Fade Margins
It is the amount by which a received
signal level may be reduced without
causing the system performance to
fall below a specified threshold
value.

Fade Margins
a = 1; For Average Terrain with
Some Roughness
b = 0.25; For Average Inland
Areas
c = 0.1 if reliability is 99.9999 %

Fade Margins
Parameters

1st Hop

2nd Hop

3rd Hop

OFM

37.92dB

36.67dB

37.92dB

TFM

58.67dB

58.71dB

58.83dB

FFM

58.67dB

58.71dB

58.83dB

Non Diversity Reliability Calculation

a = 1; Over an Average Terrain
b = 0.25; For Average Inland
Areas
Used to calculate the Propagation

Outage Time (Outage)

System Reliability
The researchers considered a
99.9999% reliability of the system.

Reliability Calculation

Parameters

1st Hop

2nd Hop

3rd Hop

8.41x10-9

6.25x10-9

8.10x10-9

Outage

0.27

0.20

0.26

Reliability

99.9999%

99.9999%

99.9999%

Conclusion
The different parameters that can affect the
performance of the microwave communication
link.
Site Selection
Terrain Type
Possible Obstructions
Path Coordinates
Azimuth Calculation
Path Distance

Conclusion
The different parameters that can affect the
performance of the microwave communication
link.
Frequency Selection
Path Profile
Antenna Height
Fresnel Zone
Line of Sight (LOS)
Reflection Point Consideration

Conclusion
The equipment and mathematical calculations to be
used to accomplish a reliable microwave
communication link.
Antenna: HP12-71 manufactured by Andrew
Radio Equipment: True Point 5000 manufactured by
Harris
Waveguide: EWP77-71 manufactured by Andrew
Microwave System Gain
Microwave System Losses

Conclusion
The equipment and mathematical calculations
to be used to accomplish a reliable microwave
communication link.
Received Signal Level (RSL)
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
Net Path Loss (NPL)
Fade Margin
Reliability Calculation

Conclusion
The microwave communication link
design is RELIABLE
Parameters

1st Hop

2nd Hop

3rd Hop

8.41x10-9

6.25x10-9

8.10x10-9

Outage

0.27

0.20

0.26

Reliability

99.9999%

99.9999%

99.9999%

A MULTIHOP COMMUNICATION
LINK DESIGN
FOR NETWORK EXPANSION
OF COMPANY X IN BAY,
LAGUNA
TO LUMBAN, LAGUNA
VIA PILA AND MAGDALENA
AKYAT BAHAY
Researchers:
Caritos, Benille Maria Ariza A.
Hagacer, Elmon Christopher O.