Taxonomy of Learning

Irfannuddin

Learning Objectives

Understand the taxonomy of learning Describe the taxonomy Utilize the taxonomy in methods of learning

Key Questions

What is taxonomy ? Why do we need the taxonomy in medical education ? What are the most popular taxonomy of learning ? How are their taxonomy of learning

What is taxonomy ?

. . .

Why do we need the taxonomy of learning ?

Determine the goals of learning process Guidance of instructional design Determine the students achievement

Guidance of assessments and evaluations

After the training session, the learner should have acquires new .

What are the most popular taxonomy of learning ?

Blooms Taxonomy Gagnes Taxonomy

Blooms Taxonomy
3 Domain of educational activity

Cognitive (knowledge)

Mental skill Growth in feelings/emotional area Manual/physical skills

Affective (attitude)

Psychomotor (skills)

Cognitive

Knowledge and the development of intellectual skills Recall or recognition of specific facts, procedural patterns, concepts 6 major categories
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

C1: Knowledge

Recall/remember data or information Key words:

Defines, describes, knows, recall, list, names, states The ritual activity to clean the penis is called circumcision

I know

C2: Comprehension

Understand the meaning or interpretation of topics. States the topics with ones own words Key words:

Comprehend, explain, gives examples, interpret, review Circumcision is a surgery procedure that cutting the preputium to clean the smegma

I understand

C3: Application

Use / apply the concept to a new situation or to solve problems Key words:

Apply, use, adopt, demonstrate, illustrate, show

1. 2. 3.

I demonstrate circumcision procedures

Antiseptic Anesthetic Cutting preputium

Dorsum method Circum method

4. 5. 6.

Stop bleeding Suture wound Wound toilet

C4: Analysis

Breaking the topics in to parts: understanding the parts, analyze / distinguish between parts Key words;

Analyze, break down, compare, find the relationships, infer, select, identify

I can see the comparison I analyze steps of circumcision, I compare both of cutting methods (dorsumcircum), and I found that circum method more simple, faster, but higher risk.

C5: Evaluation

Judging/asses the value of the topics Key word:

Accept, appraise, conclude, critique, judge, evaluate, justify, summarize

I can judge / I conclude I conclude that dorsum method is better for the amateur and circum method is better for the master.

C6: Synthesis

Ability to formulate new idea/ creating a new meaning/ creating something new by putting part to a whole one Combine, create, compile, design, plan, reform, revise, produce I can create I can create a new combination of circum method, that safer but still simple and faster

Affective

The manner in which we deal with topics emotionally Express the feelings, values, attitudes, appreciations, enthusiasms, and motivation 5 major categories:
1. 2. 3.

4.
5.

Receiving phenomena Responding phenomena Valuing Organization Internalizing value

A1: Receiving Phenomena

Awareness, willingness to hear, selected attention Key word:

Ask, follow, name, select

Attendance to the lecture Listen to others with respect Listen for/ remember the name of newly introduced

Examples

A2: Responding to phenomena

Active participation to part of the learners.

React/ responding to the phenomena Answer, assist, present, report, tell, write

Key word:

Examples Participate in discussion

Gives presentation Ask the question Answer the question

A3: Valuing

The worth or value a person attaches to a particular phenomena Key word:

Complete, demonstrate, join, invite, share

Examples: in debate Show ability to solve the problem Propose to improvement

A4: Organization

Organize value into priorities by contrasting different value Resolving conflicts between them Key words:

Adhere, alter, arrange, combine, modifier, prepare, organize Prioritizes topics effectively to meet the need of all members

Example:

A5: Internalizing values

Characterization according value system that control behaviors Key words:

Perform, practice, qualify, revise, solve

Change behavior in light of new evidence Revised judgments, value people for what they are, now how they look

Example:

Psychomotor

Physical movement, coordination, and use of the motor-skill area Require practice Measured by speed, precision, distance, procedures or techniques in execution 5 Major (Daves)

Imitation Manipulation Precision Articulation Naturalization

P1: Imitation

Observing & patterning behavior after someone else Performance: May be low of quality Example:

Copying a work art

P2: Manipulation

Being able to perform actions by following instruction and practicing Performance: begin to follow the goal Example:

Creating work after taking lesson/ reading manual

P3: Precision

Refining, becoming more exact Performance: Few error are apparent Example:

Working and reworking, so it will be just right

P4: Articulation

Coordinating a series of action, achieving harmony and internal consistency Performance: Consistence to their own style Example: Producing a video that involve music, drama, sound ect.

P5: Naturalization/Origination

Become natural, without needing to think much, and some times special Performance: Highest level of performance Example:

Style of Michael Jordan playing Basket Ball Style of David Beckham kicking the ball Style of Zidane / Ronaldinho controlling the ball

GAGNES TAXONOMY

5 Domains
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

Motor skills Attitude Verbal information Cognitive strategy Intellectual skills

Motor skills

Bodily movements involving muscular activity Starting a car, shooting a target. Swinging racquet

Attitude

Internal state which effects an individuals choice of action toward some object, person Choosing to visit art museum, writing letters with poetry words

Verbal information

Labels and Fact:

Naming / making verbal response

Vocal or written response : name, talk

Bodies of Knowledge:

Recalling a large body of interconnected facts

Paraphrasing the meaning of textual material/ rule/ regulation

Cognitive Strategy

Control his/her own way of thinking & learning

Engaging in self-testing to decide how much study in need Answering the responded questions

Intellectual Skills

4 Levels:
1. 2.

3.
4.

Discrimination Concrete concept Rule using Problem solving

Discrimination

Making different responses to the different member Example: distinguish colors of traffic light

Concrete concept

Responses in a single way to all members of particular class of the topics Example:

When hearing Indra Lesmana Music, he knew the music is Jazz music

Rule Using

Applying a rule to a given situation Using antipyretic to improve the pever

Problem Solving

Combining lower level rules to solve problems May involve generating new rules Process: trial and error until the one to solve the problem is found

Task:

Task
Make 4 MCQ from topic of adult learning which consist of C1-C4 Blooms level cognitive.

THANK YOU