INCIDENTS PREVENTION

Understand the concept of incident Define incident / accident Understand causes of incident List the types of incident Explain unsafe acts Classify unsafe conditions Know incident prevention techniques Identify the hazards Discuss risk assessing Discuss risk controlling

DEFINITION OF AN INCIDENT An occurrence or event that interrupts normal procedure or precipitates a crisis

DEFINITION OF AN ACCIDENT An unplanned, unexpected event that interferes with or interrupts normal activity & potentially leads to personal injury or property damage. An accident is an undesired event which results in physical harm and/or property damage. It usually results from a contact with a source of energy above the threshold limit of the body or structure. (Kuhlman, 1977, p. 5)

EXAMPLE OF INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT

TYPES OF AN INCIDENT / ACCIDENT

Contact with : chemical, electricity, heat/cold and radiation Contact with electricity Contact with heat energy (or, conversely, cold) Contact with radiation Contact with noise Contact with chemical energy (e.g. Corrosive or toxic substances).

Falling to a lower level Falling at the same level Being struck by an object Striking an object Being caught in something Being caught on something Being caught between something

CLASSIFYING UNSAFE CONDITIONS AND UNSAFE ACTS

UNSAFE CONDITION Defective equipment, materials etc. Poor housekeeping/maintenance Inadequate protective equipment/guards etc.

UNSAFE PRACTICE AND ACTS Using defective equipment Operation without permission Rendering protective devices inoperative/not taking precautions needed

Incorrect loading/location
Lack of warning information Inadequate illumination/ventilation/workspace

Operation at wrong speed

Failure to give warning

Fooling around

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) DEFINITION OF HAZARD A source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these.

HAZARD CONTROL The process of implementing measures to reduce the risk associated with a hazard. RISK ASSESSING Risk A combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event.

ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODEL

RISK CONTROL
The established priority order for the types of measures to be used to control risks. RISK MANAGEMENT The total procedure associated with identifying a hazard, assessing the risk, putting in place control measures, and reviewing the outcomes.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Identify processes or activities that have significant safety and health concern within the organization. Activities shall include work carried out by contractors and suppliers. For each process or activity, identify all the possible situations including routine and non-routine activities. Record all the potential hazards related to the activities. Please refer to the type of plant hazards list attached for reference.