Science Interactive LTD Copyright 2005

Science Interactive LTD

Science base multimedia CD-ROM for PC is a collection of 38 units or tools totalling over 1150 PowerPoint slides. Each unit covers a wide range of different delivery and learning styles, offering an exciting way to involve your pupils during lessons or revision sessions. All styles of teaching and learning are supported through use of high quality images, graphics, challenging exercises and questions. Units can be used in the classroom via an interactive whiteboard, data projector or used during individual study via a PC or school network.
Science Interactive LTD. PO BOX 50764 LONDON NW6 9AT email: sales@science-interactive.co.uk web: www:science-interactive.co.uk

Unit 1: The Digestive System Unit 2: The Circulatory System Unit 3: Healthy Body and Immunity Unit 4: The Respiratory System Unit 5: Nervous System and the Senses

Unit 20: Crude Oil and its Products

Unit 21: Rock Cycle

Unit 22: Elements, Molecules and Compounds Unit 23: Ionic and Covalent Compounds Unit 24: The Halogens, their Uses and Compounds Unit 25: The Noble Gases, their Properties and Uses Unit 26: Rates of Reaction Unit 27: Energy Unit 28: Generating Electricity and its Domestic Use Unit 29: Electricity Unit 30: Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Unit 31: Radioactivity Unit 32: Newton's Forces and the Effects of Forces Unit 33: Earth and Space Unit 34: The Earth and Plate Tectonics Unit 35: The Alkaline Earth Metals Unit 36: Sound and Hearing Unit 37: Natural Forces Unit 38: Cells, Tissue, Organs and Organs systems

Unit 6: Human Homeostasis

Unit 7: Hormones and the Endocrine System Unit 8: Drugs and Bad Body Maintenance Unit 9: Photosynthesis in Green Plants Unit 10: Water Transport in Plants Unit 11: Flow of Energy and Elements through the Environment Unit 12: Mitosis and Meiosis Unit 13: Inheritance and Selection Unit 14: Evolution and Human Impact Unit 15: Genetic Engineering Unit 16: The Periodic Table and its Elements Unit 17: The Alkali Metals Unit 18: Metals and their Properties Unit 19: The Transitional Metals

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4 19 2 9

He F

20 35

10 17 40 80
18 35

Ne Cl

2P+ 9P 10N 2N 2E-9E

+ 10P 35P 10N 45N 10E35E

Helium Fluorine
+ 18P 17P 22N 18N 18E17E

Bromine Neon
+ 36P 53P 48N 74N 36E53E

Ar Br Kr I

84 127

36 53

Argon Chlorine

Krypton Iodine

Unit 25 The Noble Gases, their Properties and Uses

Unit 25: The Noble Gases, their Properties and Uses

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Understand:
1.

Keywords:
Elements, Noble, Gases, Unreactive, Electrons, Physical, Properties, Inert, Monatomic, Helium, Neon, Argon & Krypton.

2.
3.

4.

5.
6.

That group VIII elements are called the Noble gases. The physical and chemical properties of group VIII elements, the Noble gases. That they have similar chemical and physical properties based on their electronic configuration. That because of their full outer shells, the Noble gases do not form compounds with other metal or non metal elements. Understand that their discovery in the atmosphere was hampered by their stability. Some of the main uses of the Noble gases.

Click mouse to begin

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Physical properties of the Noble gases one

Group VIII of the periodic table contains a family of very stable non-metals known as the Noble gases. This group contains h________, neon, argon and krypton. They are all monatomic colourless gases. All but helium are found in low quantities in our atmosphere. Helium is found trapped under the bedrock along with deposits of n_________ gas. Helium is so light that the Earths gravity is not strong enough to keep it in our atmosphere. Eventually we will run out of helium as it escapes the Earths gravitational pull. Give two uses helium and neon ?
The Noble gases: Position of the Noble gases
Diagram
Word bank: helium natural

The Noble gases

He He2 22 He

Ne Ne10 10 ArAr HeNe10 NeAr1818 1018 2

Kr36

Helium Helium Helium

Helium Neon Neon Neon

Neon Argon Argon Argon

Krypton

Notes

Found in group VIII of the periodic table, all the Noble gases have eight electrons in their outermost electron shell. They all therefore have a full outer shell. This is what makes them very stable monatomic gases.

The Noble gases have similar chemical and physical Kr Kr3636they Kr36 Kr properties because36 all have eight electrons in their outer shell. They are all colourless monatomic gases which do not form ionic or covalent compounds with any other elements. They also have extremely low melting and boiling points.
Krypton Krypton Krypton

Krypton

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Physical properties of the Noble gases two

The group VIII elements, the Noble gases are all colourless gases unable to form ionic and c_______ compounds with other elements. They have similar physical and chemical properties. They are all monatomic gases. They have extremely low melting and boiling points which increase slightly as you descend the group. Although they are very s______ they do have many important uses. Why is helium used in airships rather than hydrogen which provides more lift ? Physical properties of group VIII Noble gases:
Element
Symbol
He2
Word bank: covalent stable

Formula
Ne10

He Electron configuration

Colour

Melting point

State at room temperature

Helium

He
Neon

Ar18
Ne

He
He

-272oC

Gas

Helium

Argon

Neon

He2

Ne10

Kr36 Ar18
Krypton

Ne
Argon

Kr Ne Ne

2,8

-210oC

Gas

Helium

Neon

He

Argon He2
Helium

Ne10

Kr36 Ar18
Krypton

Ar

Kr Ne

Ar

2,8,8

-189oC
I

Gas

Neon

Argon

Kr

Kr Krypton Ne He2
36
Krypton

10

Kr36

Kr

Kr

2,8,18,8

-179oC

Gas

Helium

Neon

Krypton

Ar

Kr

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The discovery of the Noble gases

The noble gases were not discovered until about the turn of the last century. Because the Noble gases are highly un-reactive, they remained hidden in the a____. Helium was discovered with deposits of natural gas found under the bedrock. In 1892, scientists discovered that, when all the nitrogen and oxygen from a sample of air was reacted with hot magnesium, there was around one percent of the gas that would not react. This small fraction contained n______, argon and krypton.
Discovery of the Noble gases: Percentage composition of noble gases in air
Diagram
100
1
Word bank: air neon

Using helium

% composition of noble gases

0.5

50
0

Argon
0

Neon

Helium

Krypton

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Noble gases

CO2

Notes

The Noble gases were not discovered until 1892 due to their Hydrogen although having stability. They make up only 1% percent of the atmosphere. greater lift has now been Although they are stable they are still useful. replaced by stable helium.

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Helium and its uses

Helium is the least dense of the Noble gases. A balloon full of helium will have lift in normal air. Although hydrogen gives more l_____ because it has the lowest density of any of the elements it is also highly reactive. Helium makes for a safe alternative and is used in airships and party balloons Helium is also used by deep seas divers instead of nitrogen. It has a low solubility and therefore reduces the risk of divers suffering the bends. This is when nitrogen in the blood comes out of solution and begins to bubble in the b_______. This can be fatal. Why is this condition called the bends !
Helium and its uses: Helium
Diagram
Word bank: lift bubble

Using helium for lift

Helium balloons

He2
Notes

Ne10

Ar18
Helium is also used for party balloons. They are able to rise above the air. They also (when breathed in) make you sound like Mickey Mouse.

Helium

Helium is a low density stable gas that gives lift to objects like balloons in air. Hydrogen is better but it is also very unstable and can Neon react with the oxygen in the Argon atmosphere forming water. This is an explosive reaction.

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Neon and its uses

Neon is the most widely used Noble gas. Neon is used to make fluorescent light tubes, which can take on many colours. When you pass a high v_______ current across a tube full of n______, it glows and gives off light. The tubes can be coloured using various dyes making them ideal for use in advertising signs around the World. If you take a trip to Londons Piccadilly Circus, then you will see hundreds of flashing neon signs all advertising various products and fast food companies. Explain why a neon light uses less energy than a normal filament bulb ?
Neon and its uses: Neon
Diagram
Word bank: voltage neon

Neon lights at Piccadilly circus

Choose a colour

He2
Notes

Ne10

Ar18
Scientists found out that when you pass a high voltage current through a tube filled with neon, it fluoresces. Neon lights are used Argon in advertising signs. There are also more energy efficient compared to filament bubs.
By colouring the glass tube you can colour the light that is emitted. Neon lights do not produce any heat and are therefore much more efficient.

Helium

Neon

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Argon and its uses

Argon makes up nearly one percent of the composition of atmospheric air. Argon is more dense than air, so balloons filled with just argon appear to sink. Argon has two main uses. Argon is used to replace air or o________ where you need an oxygen free environment in order to prevent combustion. Filament b______ made from tungsten contain argon to prevent the tungsten from oxidising with oxygen. Argon is also used during the welding of metals to prevent metals combusting with oxygen. What other processes require an oxygen free environment ?
Argon and its uses: Argon
Diagram
Word bank: oxygen bulbs

Using argon during welding

Light bulbs

e10
Notes

Ar18
During welding very high temperatures would cause most metals to begin to react with oxygen found in air. Argon is flowed over the weld to prevent the metals reacting. This techniques is called argon welding
Light bulbs are filled with inert argon gas so that the tungsten filament does not begin to form tungsten oxide with oxygen from the atmosphere.

Neon

Argon

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Krypton and its uses

Krypton makes up a very small fraction of the composition of atmospheric air. Like argon, krypton is more d______ than air. Krypton has one main use. Krypton is used to produce high energy lasers. These lasers are seen in disco lighting shows. They also carry sufficient energy to melt metal during their w________. When a high voltage current is applied to the krypton gas, a high energy light is emitted that is used to produce laser light. Find out from google.co.uk how laser light is produced ?
Krypton and its uses: Krypton
Diagram
Word bank: dense melting

Krypton lasers

Eye surgery

e10
Notes

Kr36
Krypton is used in lasers used for disco lighting and welding. A high voltage current is applied to the krypton gas which produces a high energy beam. This energy is sufficient to cause melting in metals during welding.
Krypton lasers are use to remove excess corneal tissue during laser eye correction. The cornea is reshaped to give the correct focal length.

Neon

Krypton

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Extension questions and homework

1: 2: Define the following terms: Elements, Reactivity, Noble Gases, Inert, Ionic and Covalent. Look at the three pictures below. Complete the table.

Picture
One Two Three

Element
Krypton Neon Helium

Properties and uses

3:

Answer the following using the following table: Inert Lift Monatomic Light bulbs One percent Hydrogen Diatomic Sign Reactive Lasers

a) How much (percent) do the noble gases make up of the atmosphere.

b) This gas was used to give lift to air ships. c) Argon is used in this device to stop the filament from combusting with oxygen. d) Whereas, the halogens are diatomic gases, the noble gases are what type of gas. e) All noble gases are said to be chemically what.

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4:

Complete the following table.

Gas
Helium Neon Argon Krypton

Electrons in outer shell

2

State at room temperature

Colour

Symbol

Gas colourless Kr

5:

Answer the following questions: a) What would happen when a light bulb is switched on and it is filled with normal air. b) Airships are no longer filled with, hydrogen. Helium is now used. Explain why. c) Explain why there are no known compounds that contain either helium, neon, argon or krypton. d) Why do helium balloons deflate more quickly than balloons filled with atmospheric air. e) How many electrons do (i) group I alkaline metals have in their outer shell (ii) The group VIII noble gases. f) Explain why the melting and boiling points of the nobles gases increases as you descent the group. Look at the information in the table opposite: a) Why were the noble gases discovered very late and why do they have similar properties. b) Why is neon used in advertising signs. c) Why will we eventually rum out of the element helium. d) Why is argon used to replace air in light bulbs. e) Give two uses of a krypton laser. Internet: Go to google.co.uk and find out the Hindenburg disaster where hydrogen, not helium was used as a lifting gas for this airship.
Element Gold Helium When found < 2000 B.C 1895

6:

Neon
Oxygen Phosphorus

1898
1774 1669