JET ENGINES

By Y.V.Harish G.Bharat Kumar

From
Mech(2/4) Sri Venkateswara college of Engg.&Tech.

Abstract

Jet Engines:

Aircraft invention created a drastic change in the worlds transportation system . For any machine to travel a engine is required .In those engines jet engines revolutionized the aircraft system Jet engines move the airplane forward with a great force that is produced by a tremendous thrust and causes the plane to fly very fast.

History Of Jet Engine

Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle are both recognized as being the co-inventors of the jet engine.

Hans von Ohain's jet was the first to fly in 1939.

Frank Whittler's jet first flew in 1941.

Introduction
Jet engine is nothing but a Gas Turbine. It works under the principle of Newtons Third Law. It states that For every action there will be equal and opposite reaction. Gas turbine operates like toy balloon

The jet engine principle

What is bypass ratio engine?

The term bypass ratio (BPR) relates to the design of turbofan engines, commonly used in aviation. It is defined as the ratio between the mass flow rate of air drawn in by the fan but bypassing the engine core to the mass flow rate passing through the engine core.

Low bypass ratio engine..

the low-bypass engine has a smaller fan routing more air into the turbine .

High Bypass Ratio Engine..

The high-bypass engine has a large fan that routes much air around the turbine .

Parts Of Jet Engine

FAN COMPRESSOR COMBUSTOR TURBINE MIXER NOZZLE

How A Jet Engine Works ?

Jet engines move the airplane forward with a great force that is produced by a tremendous thrust and causes the plane to fly very fast

Continued
Fan - The fan is the first component in jet engine. It then speeds this air up and splits it into two parts. One part continues through the "core" or center of the jet engine. The second part "bypasses" the core of the jet engine. It goes through a duct that surrounds the core to the back of the jet engine where it produces much of the force that propels the airplane forward. This cooler air helps to quiet the jet engine as well as adding thrust to the jet engine.

Continued
Compressor -The compressor is made up of fans with many blades and attached to a shaft. The compressor squeezes the air that enters it into progressively smaller areas, resulting in an increase in the air pressure Combustor - In the combustor the air is mixed with fuel and then ignited. This provides a high temperature, high-energy airflow. The fuel burns with the oxygen in the compressed air, producing hot expanding gases.

Turbine - The high-energy airflow coming out of the combustor goes into the turbine, causing the turbine blades to rotate. The turbines are linked by a shaft to turn the blades in the compressor and to spin the intake fan at the front. This rotation takes some energy from the highenergy flow that is used to drive the fan and the compressor.

Continued
Nozzle - The nozzle is the exhaust duct of the jet engine. The mixer helps to make the jet engine quieter.

Jet engine types

Turboprop Engine

Turbofan jet Engine

Turbo shaft jet Engine

Ramjets Engine

Continued
Turbojet Engine

Jet Engine Uses

The industry theyre most prominent in is in the transport industry, where they are used to propel aircraft, boats, and in some one of creations such as a turbojet powered truck.

The first use of the jet engine was to power military aircraft.
The Bell P-59A was also developed by the Americans. They had a massive advantage over propeller driven planes, in that they were much faster

The jet engine is not only used on aircraft but on boats, where water jets are used to propel the boat forward..

Merits And Demerits

Merits of Jet engine Mechanical efficiency jet engine is high .

Demerits Of Jet Engines of Thermal efficiency of Jet engine is low Difficult to start Turbine blades need a special cooling system due high temperature

Weight and speed of jet engine per HP developed is higher Ignition and lubricating systems are much simpler in jet engine

Conclusion

The jet engines are the present day technology. The existence of jet engines made revolutionary changes in the aircraft history. Normal type of jet engine is used for domestic purpose. Ram and scram type of jet engines are used in only in defense sector because it travels at supersonic speed and generally high level training is required. Since it travels at such speed it is unfit for traveling. So that common type of jet engines are very common in use.

Future Vision

1. Smaller facilities & easier handling 2. Leading to higher safety, flights can glide back to earth in case of danger. 3.Missions can be more flexible 4.Wider range of emergency landing sites for intact abort

Thank you