CENTRE HIGH: PHYSICS 30

UNIT 1: CONSERVATION LAWS

Energy Review

1. Conceptual Questions a) When an object moves at a constant velocity, which law? What is true about the forces on the object?
b) When is work negative? zero? c) When does an object have KE? PEg? Ee? d) when dealing with PEg, what must you do first?

e) When does MET remain constant?

f) What are two ways that energy can change?

a) When an object moves at a constant velocity, which law? What is true about the forces on the object? 1st Law: Force are balanced b) When is work negative? zero? Negative: Force is resistive Zero: Force is perpendicular Object does not move or

c) When does an object have KE? PEg? Ee? KE = speed PEg = height Ee = compression / extension of a spring
d) when dealing with PEg, what must you do first? Establish a ref height (h = 0)

e) When does MET remain constant? Closed system No friction Only mechanical energy can change
f) What are two ways that energy can change? Transformation - changing form Transfer - from one object to another

2. A rollercoaster goes through the following motion: - it is dragged by a chain up to a maximum height at a constant (slow) speed - then, it is released and coasts freely back down (no friction / AR).
Sketch: PEg vs t KE vs t MET vs t

1.
PEg vs t: (PEg is height)

Dragged up

Coasts back down

1.
KE vs t: (KE is speed)

Dragged up (constant speed)

Coasts (speeds up)

1.
MET vs t: ME is added to system (from electrical)

Coasts Dragged up MET stays constant (no loss due to friction)

2. Consider
6.5 kg hmax

k = 175 N/m Compressed 46 cm If it is released from rest, find the max height it will reach. (Assume conservative system)

2. Ref h: bottom of the hill

METi = METf Eei = PEgf 0.5 kx2 = mghmax hmax = 0.5 kx2 mg = = 0.5 (175 N/m) (-0.46 m)2 (6.5 kg) (9.81 N/kg)

0.29 m

3. A 650 kg crate is dropped from a height of 35.0 m. When it lands, it has a speed of 15.0 m/s. What is the average force of AR on the crate?

3. Ref h: ground
METi + WAR = METf PEgi + WAR = KEf mghi + WAR = 0.5mvf2 223 177.5 J + WAR = 73125 J WAR = - 1.501 x 105 J

3.
WAR = FAR d cos FAR = WAR d cos FAR FAR = -1.501 x 105 J (35.0 m) cos 180 d = 4.29 x 103 N

4. Using the principles of Physics, describe the energy conversions when bouncing on a trampoline. No air resistance or friction.
Start at max height

PEg = height (mgh) KE = speed (0.5mv2) Ee = stretching / compressing (0.5kx2) W = E

Max height (at rest): - person has only PEg

Falling: - Fg does work on the person and changes her energy (W = E) - height decreases, speed increases PEg transforms to KE

Stretching the trampoline: - Fs does work on person and changes her energy - speed and height decrease, stretching increases
So, KE and PEg transfer to the trampoline in the form of Ee

Reverse on the way up:

Ee in trampoline KE (and PEg) in person

KE

PEg

All PEg at max height Cycle repeats.